Posthumous birth

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Refimprove A posthumous birth is the birth of a child after the death of a parent.[1] A person born in these circumstances is called a posthumous child or a posthumously born person. Most instances of posthumous birth involve the birth of a child after the death of their father, but the term is also applied to infants delivered shortly after the death of the mother, usually by caesarean section.[2]

Legal implications

Posthumous birth has special implications in law, potentially affecting the child's citizenship and legal rights, inheritance, and order of succession. Legal systems generally include special provisions regarding inheritance by posthumous children and the legal status of such children. For example, Massachusetts law states that a posthumous child is treated as having been living at the death of the parent,[3] meaning that the child receives the same share of the parent's estate as if the child had been born before the parent's death. Most states recognize a posthumous child born within a set time frame, normally 280 to 300 days after the death of the decedent father.[4][5]

Another emerging legal issue in the United States is the control of genetic material after the death of the donor.[6] United States law holds that posthumous children of U.S. citizens who are born outside the United States have the same rights to citizenship that they would have had if the deceased U.S. citizen parent had been alive at the time of their birth.[7] In the field of assisted reproduction, snowflake children, i.e. those "adopted" as frozen embryos by people unrelated to them, can result in the birth of a child after the death of one or both of their genetic parents.

In monarchies and nobilities

A posthumous birth has special significance in the case of hereditary monarchies and hereditary noble titles following primogeniture. In this system, a monarch's or peer's own child precedes that monarch's or peer's sibling in the order of succession. In cases where the widow of a childless king or nobleman is pregnant at the time of his death, the next-in-line is not permitted to assume the throne or title,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". but must yield place to the unborn child, or ascends and reigns (in the case of a monarch) or succeeds (in the case of a peer) until the child is born (see Alfonso XIII, Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha or John Pelham, 9th Earl of Chichester).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In monarchies and noble titles that follow male-preference cognatic primogeniture, the situation is similar where the dead monarch or peer was not childless but left a daughter as the next-in-line, as well as a pregnant widow. A posthumous brother would supplant that daughter in the succession, whereas a posthumous sister, being younger, would not. Similarly, in monarchies and noble titles that follow agnatic primogeniture, the sex of the unborn child determines the succession; a posthumous male child would himself succeed, whereas the next-in-line would succeed upon the birth of a posthumous female child.

Modern complications

Posthumous conception by artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization, whether done using sperm or ova stored before a parent's death or sperm retrieved from a man's corpse, has created new legal issues.[3] When a woman is inseminated with her deceased husband's sperm, laws that establish that a sperm donor is not the legal father of the child born as a result of artificial insemination have had the effect of excluding the deceased husband from fatherhood and making the child legally fatherless.[8]

In the United Kingdom before 2000, birth records of children conceived using a dead man's sperm had to identify the infants as fatherless, but in 2000 the government announced that the law would be changed to allow the deceased father's name to be listed on the birth certificate.[9] In 1986, a New South Wales legal reform commission recommended that the law should recognize the deceased husband as the father of a child born from post-mortem artificial insemination, provided that the woman is his widow and unmarried at the time of birth, but the child should have inheritance rights to the father's estate only if the father left a will that included specific provisions for the child.[9]

In 2001, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court was asked to consider whether the father's name should appear on the birth record for a child conceived through artificial insemination after her father's death, as well as whether that child was eligible for U.S. Social Security benefits. The court ruled in January 2002 that a child could be the legal heir of a dead parent if there was a genetic relationship and the deceased parent had both agreed to the posthumous conception and committed to support the child.[3] Different U.S. state courts and federal appellate courts have ruled differently in similar cases. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Astrue v. Capato that twins born 18 months after their father's death using the father's frozen sperm were not eligible for Social Security benefits, which set a new precedent.

Naming

In the Middle Ages, it was traditional for posthumous children born in England to be given a matronymic surname instead of a patronymic one. This may in part explain why matronyms are more common in England than in other parts of Europe.[10]

In Ancient Rome, posthumous children of noble birth were often given the cognomen (or third name) 'Postumus'. One example is Agrippa Postumus.

In Yoruba culture, posthumous children are given names that refer to the circumstances concerning the birth. Examples of this include Bàbárímisá, meaning that the Father saw (the child) and ran; Yeyérínsá, meaning that the mother saw (the child) and ran; Ikúdáyísí (or any name with the root dáyísí), which means that death spared the child; and Ẹnúyàmí, meaning that "I was surprised", referring to the fact that the tragic death of the father, mother, or both was sudden and surprising for the family.

Notable people born posthumously

Antiquity

Name Born Late parent Parent died Gap Cause of parent's death
Bindusara
Mauryan EmperorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 320 BCE Durdhara
Mauryan EmpressScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 320 BCE Same day Poisoning. He was delivered through caesarean section.[11]
Alexander IV
King of MacedonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 August 323 BCE Alexander the Great
King of MacedonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 11 June 323 BCE Template:Ntsh2 months Disease.
Cornelia Postuma 77 BCE Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Roman dictatorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 78 BCE Disease, possibly related to chronic alcoholic abuse.
Agrippa Postumus
Grandson of Augustus CaesarScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 BCE Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Roman general and statesmanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 BCE A few weeks Disease.
Shapur II
Sasanian EmperorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 309 AD Hormizd II
Sasanian EmperorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 309 AD 40 days Assassination. Shapur is said to be the only monarch in history who was crowned in utero.
Flavia Maxima Constantia
Roman EmpressScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 January 362 Constantius II
Roman EmperorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 November 361 1 month, 29 days Fever.

Middle Ages

Name Born Late parent Parent died Gap Cause of parent's death
Muhammad
Prophet of IslamScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 570 Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib
Arab traderScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 569 Template:Ntsh<6 months Disease while returning from a trade mission in Medina.
Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr
Early Muslim scholarScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 634 Abu Bakr al-Siddiq
CaliphScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 23 August 634 Template:Ntsh<3 months On 23 August 634, Abu Bakr fell sick and did not recover. He developed a high fever and was confined to bed. His illness was prolonged, and when his condition worsened, he died in Medina.
Constantine
Byzantine princeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 January 798 Constantine VI
Byzantine EmperorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 April 797 8 months, 13 days Died of wounds after being blinded by his mother, Irene, who proclaimed herself Empress.
Robert I
King of FranceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 August 866 Robert the Strong
Count of AnjouScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 2 July 866 1 month, 13 days Killed at the Battle of Brissarthe.
Charles the Simple
King of FranceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 September 879 Louis the Stammerer
King of FranceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 10 April 879 Template:Ntsh5 months, 7 days Disease contracted during a campaign against the Vikings.
Al-Mustakfi
Abbasid caliphScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[12][13]		 11 November 908 al-Muktafi
Abbasid caliphScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 13 August 908 Template:Ntsh3 months, 2 days Unspecified illness.
Ulf 1067 Harold Godwinson

King of England

14 October 1066 Killed in the Battle of Hastings
Lothair III
Holy Roman EmperorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1075 Gebhard of Supplinburg
Saxon countScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 9 June 1075 Killed at the Battle of Langensalza.
Henry II
Margrave of MeissenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1103 Henry I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark 1103
Saint Drogo
Flemish saintScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 March 1105 His mother died in childbirth, leaving him orphan from birth
Valdemar I
King of DenmarkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 January 1131 Canute Lavard
Duke of SchleswigScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 January 1131 7 days Murdered by Magnus the Strong.
Raymond II of Turenne
Viscount of TurenneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1143 Boson II of Turenne
Viscount of TurenneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1143 4 months
Constance I
Queen of SicilyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 2 November 1154 Roger II
King of Sicily and AfricaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 26 February 1154 8 months, 5 days
Baldwin V
King of JerusalemScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 August 1177 William of Montferrat
Count of Jaffa and AscalonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 June 1177 Template:Ntsh2 months Possibly malaria.
Arthur I
Duke of BrittanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 29 March 1187 Geoffrey II
Duke of BrittanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 August 1186 Template:Ntsh7 months, 10 days Disputed. One source claims he was trampled to death in a joust, other that he died of a sudden chest affliction.
Maria of Montferrat
Queen of JerusalemScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Summer 1192 Conrad of Montferrat
King of JerusalemScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 28 April 1192 A few months Assassination.
Theobald I
King of NavarreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 30 May 1201 Theobald III
Count of ChampagneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 24 May 1201 Template:Ntsh6 days
Raymond Nonnatus
Catholic saintScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1204 His mother 1204 Template:Ntsh Same day Childbirth. He was retrieved through caesarean section afterward.[2]
Haakon IV
King of Norway 		March/April 1204 Haakon III
King of Norway 		1 January 1204 2-3 month Illness after a bloodletting, suspicion of poisoning by Margaret of Sweden, Queen of Norway
Walter IV
Count of BrienneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1205 Walter III
Count of BrienneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 June 1205 Killed in battle.
Erik Eriksson
King of Sweden 		1216 Erik Knutsson
King of Sweden 		10 April 1216 Natural causes, said to be a fever.
Charles I
King of SicilyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 early 1227 Louis VIII
King of FranceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 November 1226 ?? Dysentery.
Stephen the Posthumous
Hungarian princeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1236 Andrew II
King of Hungary and CroatiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 21 September 1235 Template:Ntshat least 2 months
Robert II
Count of ArtoisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 September 1250 Robert I
Count of ArtoisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 February 1250 7 months Killed in battle.
Przemysł II
King of PolandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 October 1257 Przemysł I
Duke of Greater PolandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 4 June 1257 Template:Ntsh4 months, 10 days
Władysław of Legnica
Duke of LegnicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 June 1296 Henry V, Duke of Legnica
Duke of LegnicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 February 1296 4 months Illness following imprisonment.
John I
King of France and NavarreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 November 1316 Louis X
King of France and NavarreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 5 June 1316 Template:Ntsh5 months, 10 days Pneumonia or pleurisy from drinking excess cooled wine after a real tennis match.
Isabel de Verdun
Baroness Ferrers de GrobyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 21 March 1317 Theobald de Verdun
Justiciar of IrelandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 27 July 1316 7 months, 22 days Typhoid.
Maria of Calabria
Latin Empress consort of ConstantinopleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 May 1329 Charles
Duke of CalabriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 9 November 1328 5 months, 27 days
John, 3rd Earl of Kent 7 April 1330 Edmund of Woodstock
English princeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 March 1330 Template:Ntsh19 days Executed for treason against his nephew, Edward III of England.
Charles Martel, Duke of Calabria 25 December 1345 Andrew, Duke of Calabria 18 September 1345 3 months
Joan of France May 1351 Philip VI
King of France and NavarreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 August 1350 9 months
Gerhard VII, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg

Duke of Schleswig, Count of Holstein

1404 Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg 4 August 1404 Killed in the Battle on the Hamme
William of Bavaria-Munich 1435 William III
Duke of BavariaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 September 1435 Template:Ntshup to 3 months
Joan of Portugal
Consort queen of CastileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 31 March 1439 Edward, King of Portugal 9 September 1438 6 months, 22 days Plague.
Ladislaus VI
King of Hungary, Bohemia and Archduke of AustriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 February 1440 Albert II
King of Germany, Bohemia and HungaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 27 October 1439 Template:Ntsh3 months, 23 days
Enrique de Aragón y Pimentel
Count of AmpuriasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 25 July 1445 Henry, Duke of Villena
Count of AmpuriasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 June 1445 1 month
Henry VII
King of EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 28 January 1457 Edmund Tudor
Earl of RichmondScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 or 3 November 1456 Template:Ntsh2 months, 25 days Bubonic plague.
John Louis
Count of Nassau-SaarbrückenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 October 1472 John II
Duke of Nassau-SaarbrückenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 July 1472 Template:Ntsh3 months, 4 days
James II
King of Cyprus Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 August 1473 James II
King of CyprusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 10 July 1473 1 month
Mencía Pacheco[14]
Castilian noblewomanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1474–1475 Juan Pacheco
Marquis of VillenaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 October 1474 Throat ailment.
Clement VII
Pope of the Catholic ChurchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 26 May 1478 Giuliano de' Medici
Ruler of the Florentine RepublicScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 26 April 1478 Template:Ntsh1 month Assassination in the Pazzi Conspiracy.

16th–18th centuries

Name Born Late parent Parent died Gap Cause of parent's death
Catherine of Austria
Consort queen of PortugalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 January 1507 Philip I
King of Castile and Duke of BurgundyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 25 September 1506 3 months, 18 days Typhoid or poison.
Alexander Stewart
Duke of RossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 30 April 1514 James IV
King of ScotlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 9 September 1513 Template:Ntsh7 months, 21 days Killed at the Battle of Flodden.
Görvel Fadersdotter Sparre

Swedish noblewoman

1517 Fader Nilsson (Sparre) 1515
Wenceslaus III Adam
Duke of CieszynScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 December 1524 Wenceslaus II
Duke of CieszynScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 November 1524 1 month
Henry Berkeley
Baron BerkeleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 26 November 1534 Thomas Berkeley
Baron BerkeleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 September 1534 9 weeks, 4 days
Duarte
Duke of GuimarãesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 March 1541 Duarte
Duke of GuimarãesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 September 1540 7 months
Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville
Wife of Louis I of BourbonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 5 April 1549 François d'Orléans
French noblemanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 25 October 1548 Template:Ntsh5 months, 8 days
Sebastian
King of PortugalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 January 1554 João Manuel
Prince of PortugalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 2 January 1554 Template:Ntsh18 days Tuberculosis or diabetes.
Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg 20 January 1562 Philipp III
Count of Hanau-MünzenbergScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 November 1561 2 months, 6 days
Jaroslav II Bořita of Martinice 6 January 1582 Jaroslav I. Bořita of Martinice 1581 Accident.
Ben Jonson
Elizabethan playwrightScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 c. 11 June 1572 His father April 1572 Template:Ntsh1–2 months
Henry II
Prince of CondéScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 September 1588 Henry I
Prince of CondéScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 5 Mar 1588 5 months, 23 days Disease.
Charles of Austria
Bishop of WroclawScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 August 1590 Charles II
Archduke of AustriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 10 July 1590 28 days
Bengt Oxenstierna

Swedish statesman

19 October 1591 Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna 15 April 1591
Toyotomi Sadako
Wife of Kugyō Kujō Yukiie Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1592 Toyotomi Hidekatsu 14 October 1592 Killed in Korean Campaign.
Sveinn "Skotti" Björnsson
Icelandic criminalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1596–1597 Björn Pétursson
Only Icelandic serial killerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1596 Executed for murder.
Thomas Herbert
Welsh seaman and authorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 May 1597 Richard Herbert
Justice of the Peace and Member of ParliamentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 October 1596 (buried) 7 months
Christopher Vasa

Prince of Poland, Lithuania and SwedenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

10 February 1598 Anne of Austria 10 February 1598 Same day Disease
Friedrich Wilhelm II
Duke of Saxe-AltenburgScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 February 1603 Friedrich Wilhelm I
Duke of Saxe-WeimarScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 July 1602 Template:Ntsh7 months, 5 days
Joseph of Cupertino
Catholic saintScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 June 1603 Felice Desa
Apulian carpenterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[15]
Abraham Cowley
English poetScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1618 His father
Elizabeth Gyllenhielm
Swedish noblewomanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1622 Charles Philip
Duke of SödermanlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 25 January 1622 Disease during the 1622 siege of Narva.
Nils Brahe the younger 8 April 1533 Nils Brahe the Elder 21 November 1632 Wounded in the Battle of Lützen
François-Henri de Montmorency
Duke of LuxembourgScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 January 1628 François de Montmorency-Bouteville
Duke of LuxembourgScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 June 1627 Template:Ntsh6 months, 15 days Executed for dueling.
Isaac Newton
English scientistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 4 January 1643 Isaac Newton, Sr.
English farmerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 October 1642 Template:Ntsh3 months
Gulielma Penn
wife of William Penn, founder of PennsylvaniaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 February 1644 Sir William Springett
English Parliamentarian army officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 February 1644 a few days Fever following Siege of Arundel.
Elisabeth Dorothea Wrangel 1644 Herman Wrangel

Governor of Livonia

10 December 1643
Georg Albrecht II. 26 Februar 1648 Georg Albrecht I.

Count of Erbach

25 November 1647
William III
Stadholder of the Dutch Republic, King of England and ScotlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 November 1650 William II
Stadtholder of the Dutch RepublicScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 November 1650 Template:Ntsh8 days Smallpox.
Robert Molesworth
Irish politician and writerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 September 1656 Robert Molesworth, Sr. 3 September 1656 4 days
Adolphus Frederick II
Duke of Mecklenburg-StrelitzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 October 1658 Adolphus Frederick I
Duke of Mecklenburg-SchwerinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 27 February 1658 Template:Ntsh7 months, 21 days
Jonathan Swift
Author of Gulliver's TravelsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 30 November 1667 Jonathan Swift, Sr.
English lawyer in IrelandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 c. April 1667 Template:Ntsh7 months Syphilis.
William August
Duke of Saxe-EisenachScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 30 November 1668 Adolf William, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
Duke of Saxe-EisenachScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 21 November 1668 Template:Ntsh9 days
Thomas Greenhill
English surgeonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1669? William Greenhill
Emmanuel Lebrecht
Prince of Anhalt-KöthenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 May 1671 Emmanuel
Prince of Anhalt-KöthenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 November 1670 6 months
Godscall Paleologue
Last known member of the Paleologus dynastyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 January 1694 Theodorious Paleologus
Barbadian privateerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 August-December 1693 Up to 5 months
Christine Marie Jacqueline Henriette FitzJames
French nunScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 29 May 1703 Henry FitzJames
Jacobite peerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 16 December 1702 5 months, 13 days
Edward Ward, 9th Baron Dudley
British peerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 16 June 1704 Edward Ward, 8th Baron Dudley 28 March 1704 Template:Ntsh2 months, 15 days Smallpox.
Frederick Christian
Margrave of Brandenburg-BayreuthScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 July 1708 Christian Henry
Margrave of Brandenburg-KulmbachScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 5 April 1708 3 months, 12 days
Georg Wilhelm Richmann
Livonian physicistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 July 1711 His father Plague.
William IV
Stadholder of the Dutch RepublicScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 September 1711 John William Friso
Prince of OrangeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 July 1711 Template:Ntsh1 month, 15 days Drowning in a ferryboat accident.
Robert Petre, 8th Baron Petre
British peer and horticulturistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 June 1713 Robert Petre, 7th Baron Petre 22 March 1713 2 months, 7 days Smallpox.
Edmund Pendleton
American politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 9 September 1721 Henry Pendleton 1721 4 months
John Morton
American politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1725 John Morton, Sr. 1724
Sir Brook Bridges, 3rd Baronet
British politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 September 1733 Sir Brook Bridges, 2nd Baronet 23 May 1733[16] 3 months, 22 days
Barbara Herbert
Countess of PowisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 24 June 1735 Edward Herbert
British aristocratScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 c. March 1735 3 months
Caroline Matilda
Consort queen of Denmark and NorwayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 11 July 1751 Frederick, Prince of Wales 20 March 1751 3 months, 17 days Pulmonary embolism.
Thomas Chatterton
English poet and forgerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 November 1752 Thomas Chatterton Sr.
English poet and musicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 August 1752[17] 3 months, 13 days
John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn
Irish peer and politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 July 1756 John Hamilton, Sr.
Royal Navy officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 December 1755 7 months Accidental drowning while on duty.
Magnus Fredrik Brahe

Swedish Lord Marshal

15 October 1756 Erik Brahe

Count and politician

23 July 1756 3 months Execution for treason after the Coup of 1756.
Frederick Ferdinand Constantin
Prince of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 September 1758 Ernest Augustus II
Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 28 May 1758 3 months
Marie Tussaud
French wax artistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 December 1761 Joseph Grosholtz Sep-Oct 1761 2 months
Elizabeth Simcoe
British Canadian artistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 September 1762 Thomas Gwillim
Military officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 29 January 1762 7 months, 22 days Killed or died otherwise in the Seven Years' War.[18]
Benedict Joseph Flaget
French American bishopScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 November 1763 His father[19]
Andrew Jackson
7th President of the United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 March 1767 Andrew Jackson, Sr.
Irish American colonistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 c. 23 February 1767 Around 21 days Logging accident.
Lord William Russell
British politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 August 1767 Francis Russell
Marquess of TavistockScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 March 1767 5 months Fall from horse.
Sawai Madhavrao
12th Peshwa of the Maratha EmpireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 18 April 1774 Narayan Rao
10th Peshwa of the Maratha EmpireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 30 August, 1773 7 months Murder.
Tenskwatawa
Shawnee prophet and leaderScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 January 1775 Puckenshinwa
Leader of the Kispokotha division of the Shawnee tribeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 October 10, 1774 3-4 months Killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant.
Henry Howard
Earl of SuffolkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 August 1779 Henry Howard
Earl of SuffolkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 March 1779 5 months, 1 day

19th century

Name Born Late parent Parent died Gap Cause of parent's death
Lord George Hill
British politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 9 December 1801 Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire 7 September 1801 3 months, 2 days Suicide.
Louis Augustus Karl Frederick Emil
Duke of Anhalt-KöthenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 September 1802 Louis
Prince of Anhalt-KöthenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 16 September 1802 4 days
William Holland Thomas
American merchant, lawyer, politician, soldier.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 5 February 1805 Richard Thomas ?? ?? ??
Sir George Grey
British soldier, explorer, governorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 April 1812 Lt-Col George Grey Early April 1812 a few days Killed at the Battle of Badajoz.
Arthur MacArthur Sr.
Governor of Wisconsin and grandfather of Douglas MacArthurScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 26 January 1815 Arthur MacArthur I 19 January 1815 7 days
François Sabatier-Ungher
French philanthropistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 2 July 1818 His father shortly before ??
Charles de La Roche 30 March 1820 Charles Ferdinand
Duke of BerryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 February 1820 1 month, 16 days Assassination by a Bonapartist. Each child was born to a different mother.
Alix Mélanie Cosnefroy de Saint-Ange 16 September 1820 7 months, 2 days
Henri, Count of Chambord
Legitimist pretender to the French throneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 29 September 1820 7 months, 15 days
Ferdinand Oreille de Carrière 10 October 1820 7 months, 25 days
Rutherford B. Hayes
19th President of the United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 4 October 1822 Rutherford Hayes, Jr.
American storekeeperScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 July 1822 1 month, 22 days
Jemima Blackburn
Scottish painterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 May 1823 James Wedderburn
Solicitor General for ScotlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 November 1822 5 months, 23 days
Anna Leonowens
British teacher co-subject of The King and IScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 5 November 1831 Thomas Edwards
East India Company officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 c. August 1831 3 months
Henry B. Wheatley
English author, editor and indexerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1838 Benjamin Wheatley
AuctioneerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
David Hyrum Smith
Leader of the RLDS ChurchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 November 1844 Joseph Smith
Founder of the Latter Day Saint movementScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 27 June 1844 4 months, 9 days Lynching while awaiting trial in jail.
Tokugawa Iemochi
14th shogun of Tokugawa shogunate Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 July 1846 Tokugawa Nariyuki
Lord of Wakayama DomainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 June 1846 1 month, 16 days
Chikako, Princess Kazu
Wife of Tokugawa IemochiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 August 1846 Ninkō
Emperor of JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 21 February 1846 5 months, 9 days
Horace Tabberer Brown
British chemistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 July 1848 His father
Helena Hedvig Klinckowström 30 september 1850 Otto Wilhelm Klinckowström 27 January 1850
Henry Waldegrave, 11th Earl Waldegrave
British minister and nobleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 October 1854 William Waldegrave, Viscount Chewton 8 October 1854 6 days Wounds from the Battle of the Alma.
Katherine Harley
British suffragistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 May 1855 John Tracy William French
Royal Navy officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1854
John Norton
English-Australian journalistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 25 January 1857 John Norton
StonemasonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Samuel Alexander
British philosopherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 January 1859 Samuel Alexander, Sr.
Australian saddlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Motilal Nehru
36th and 47th President of the Indian National CongressScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 May 1861 Gangadhar Nehru
Last Kotwal of DelhiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 4 February 1861 3 months, 2 days
Florence Maybrick
British-American convicted murderessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 September 1862 William George Chandler
Banker and Mayor of MobileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Breaker Morant
Australian soldier and folk heroScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 9 December 1864 Edwin Murrant
English workhouse masterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 August 1864 4 months
William George
Welsh solicitorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 23 February 1865 William George
Welsh schoolteacherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 June 1864 8 months pneumonia
Frank Anstey
Australian politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 18 August 1865 Samuel Anstey
English iron minerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 c. March 1865 5 months
Rua Kenana Hepetipa
Maori prophet, faith healer, and activistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1869 Kenana Tumoana November 1868 Killed in Te Kooti's War.
George Washington Lambert
Australian artistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 13 September 1873 George Washington Lambert, Sr. 25 July 1873 1 month, 16 days
William Lionel Hichens
English industrialistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 May 1874 John Ley Hichens
English physician & army surgeonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Rudolf Besier
Dutch/English dramatist		 2 July 1878 Rudolf Besier, Sr. c. January 1878 c. 6 months
Carl Schuricht
German conductorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 July 1880 Carl Conrad Schuricht June 1880 c. 21 days Drowned in the Baltic Sea while trying to save a friend.
Charles Edward
Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 July 1884 Leopold, Duke of Albany
British princeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 28 March 1884 3 months, 18 days Haemophilia-related intracerebral hemorrhage after a fall.
Chester W. Nimitz
American fleet admiralScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 24 February 1885 Chester Bernard Nimitz 14 August 1884 6 months, 10 days
Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi
Sudanese Imam of the Ansar, first Chief Minister of SudanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 July 1885 Muhammad Ahmad
Sudanese self-proclaimed MahdiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 June 1885 23 days Typhus.
Clara Sipprell
Canadian-American photographerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 31 October 1885 Francis Sipprell
Alfonso XIII
King of SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 May 1886 Alfonso XII
King of SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 25 November 1885 5 months, 21 days Dysentery worsened by tuberculosis.
Li Dazhao
Co-founder of the Chinese Communist PartyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 29 October 1889 His father A few months
Manuel Roxas
President of the PhilippinesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 January 1892 Gerardo Roxas y Arroyo 21 April 1891 8 months, 11 days Killed by the Civil Guard
Charles Wilfred Orr
English song composer		 31 July 1893 His father
Thomas Iorwerth Ellis
Welsh classicistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 December 1899 Thomas Edward Ellis
Welsh politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 5 April 1899 8 months, 14 days
Mabel Mercer
British-American jazz singerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 February 1900 Her father

20th century

Name Born Late parent Parent died Gap Cause of parent's death
Stanley Kunitz
American poetScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 29 July 1905 Solomon Z. Kunitz
Immigrant Russian Jewish dressmakerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 June 1905 6 weeks Suicide by drinking carbolic acid after going bankrupt.
Johan Kjær Hansen
Danish Resistance fighterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 April 1907 Hans Christian Johan Andreas Hansen
Bicycle manufacturerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 13 December 1906 3 months, 22 days
Xiao Qian
Chinese essayist and translatorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 27 January 1910 His father
John Jacob Astor VI
American shipping businessmanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 August 1912 John Jacob Astor IV
American businessmanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 April 1912 3 months, 28 days Sinking of the RMS Titanic.
Raoul Wallenberg
Swedish diplomat and humanitarianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 August 1912 Raoul Oscar Wallenberg
Swedish Navy officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 May 1912 3 months Cancer.
Red Skelton
American comedianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 18 July 1913 Joseph Elmer Skelton
Grocer and former circus clownScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 May 1913 2 months
Cäzilia Gabriel
Hinterkaifeck victimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 January 1915 Karl Gabriel
German soldierScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 December 1914 1 month Killed in World War I.
Georg Quistgaard
Danish Resistance fighterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 February 1915 Georg Brockhoff Quistgaard
Danish secretaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 18 December 1914 2 months, 1 day
Fred Ball 17 July 1915 Henry Durell Ball

Telephone lineman

February 28, 1915 139 days Died of typhoid fever.
Alfred Shaughnessy
English screenwriter and producerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 May 1916 Thomas Alfred Shaughnessy
Canadian Army officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 31 March 1916 50 days Killed in World War I.
Mihrişah Sultan
Ottoman princessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 June 1916 Yusuf Izzeddin
Ottoman Crown PrinceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 February 1916 4 months Suicide.
Ronald R. Van Stockum
Brigadier General of the U.S. MarinesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 July 1916 Reginald George Bareham
British soldierScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 July 1916 1 week Killed in World War I Battle of the Somme.
Edward Bell, Jr.
Squadron Leader of the Royal Air ForceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 October 1918 Edward Bell, Sr.
Commander of the Football BattalionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 24 March 1918 6 months Killed in World War I.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Russian novelistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 11 December 1918 Isaakiy Semyonovich Solzhenitsyn
Imperial Russian Army officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 June 1918 5 months, 25 days Hunting accident.
Lawrence Ferlinghetti
American poetScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 24 March 1919 Carlo Ferlinghetti
Italian immigrantScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Heart attack.
John Mitchum
American actorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 September 1919 James Thomas Mitchum February 1919 7 months Railyard accident.
Jehanne Rosemary Ernestine Beaumont 7 September 1919 Dudley Beaumont
British Army officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 24 November 1918 9 months Spanish flu.
Kung Te-cheng
Last Duke YanshengScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 23 February 1920 Kong Lingyi
Duke YanshengScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 November 1919 3 months, 15 days
Alexandra
Last queen consort of YugoslaviaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 25 March 1921 Alexander
King of GreeceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 25 October 1920 5 months Sepsis from a captive Barbary macaque's bite.
Jules Olitski
Ukrainian-American painter, sculptorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 27 March 1922 Jevel Demikovsky[20]
Soviet CommissarScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 A few months Execution.
Elisabeth of Austria
Member of the House of Habsburg-LorraineScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 31 May 1922 Charles I
Last Emperor of Austria and King of HungaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 April 1922 1 month, 30 days Pneumonia.
Stephen Wurm
Hungarian-Australian linguistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 August 1922 Adolphe Wurm
Mary Warnock
English philosopherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 April 1924 Archibald Edward Wilson
Teacher at Winchester CollegeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1923
Anthony Earnshaw
English anarchistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 9 October 1924 His father
Felipe Rodríguez
Puerto Rican singerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 May 1926 His father
Earl Holliman
American actorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 11 September 1928 William A. Frost
American farmerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 months[21]
Zhu Rongji
Former premier of ChinaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 23 October 1928 Zhu Kuanshu
16th grandson of Hongwu EmperorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Bertram Wainer
Australian doctor and activistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 30 December 1928 His father
Itamar Franco
33rd President of BrazilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 28 June 1930 Augusto César Stiebler Franco April 1930 2 months Malaria.[22]
Thomas Sowell
American economistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 30 June 1930 His father
Brian Sewell
British art criticScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 July 1931 Peter Warlock
British composer and music criticScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
(claimed by Sewell)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 December 1930 6 months, 26 days Coal gas poisoning.
Don Durant
American actorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 November 1932 His father September-October 1932 2 months Truck accident.
Saddam Hussein
Iraqi dictatorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 28 April 1937 Hussein Abd Al-Majid Cancer.
Ian Brady
British serial killerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 2 January 1938 His father
(according to his mother)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 months Unknown. Brady's father was never identified, casting doubt on his mother's claims.
Lee Harvey Oswald
Assassin of John F. KennedyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 18 October 1939 Robert Edward Lee Oswald
Army veteran of WWIScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 August 1939 1 month, 28 days Heart attack.
Jacques Mairesse
French economistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 16 August 1940 Jacques Mairesse, Sr.
French footballerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 13 June 1940 2 months, 3 days Killed while trying to escape a prisoner-of-war camp during the Battle of France.
Edwin Wilson
Australian poetScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 27 October 1942 His father
Henry and David Cecil
British twin racehorse trainersScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 11 January 1943 Henry Kerr Auchmuty Cecil
Parachute Regiment officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 30 November – 2 December 1942 1 month, 1–2 days Killed in the North African campaign of World War II.[23]
Sylvester McCoy
British actor and comedianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 August 1943 Percy Kent-Smith 18 July 1943 1 month, 2 days Killed in World War II.
Ranulph Fiennes
British explorer and writerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 7 March 1944 Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes
Royal Scots Greys commanderScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 24 November 1943 3 months, 12 days Killed by landmine in Italy while serving in World War II.[24]
John Pelham
Earl of ChichesterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 April 1944 John Pelham, Sr.
British diplomat and Captain of the Scots GuardsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 21 February 1944 1 month, 22 days Killed in a road accident while serving in World War II.
Maria João Pires
Portuguese-Swiss classical pianistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 23 July 1944 João Baptista Pires 1 July 1944 22 days
Bernard Collaery
Australian lawyer and politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 October 1944 Edward Francis Collaery
RAAF flying officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 29 June 1944 3 months 13 days Killed in World War II.
Edward Foljambe
Earl of LiverpoolScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 14 November 1944 Peter George William Savile Foljambe 2 September 1944 2 months, 12 days Killed in World War II.
Joachim
8th Prince MuratScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 26 November 1944 Joachim
7th Prince MuratScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 July 1944 4 months, 6 days Killed in World War II.
Konstanze von Schulthess
German authorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 27 January 1945 Claus von Stauffenberg
German army officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 21 July 1944 6 months, 6 days Executed for 20 July plot against Hitler.
Eva Barbara Fegelein 5 May 1945 Hermann Fegelein
High-ranking Nazi officerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 28 April 1945 6 days Execution.
Frederica von Stade
American opera singerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 June 1945 Charles S. von Stade
South African-American polo championScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 10 April 1945 1 month, 20 days Killed in World War II.[25]
Graça Machel
Mozambican politicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 October 1945 Her father 30 September 1945 17 days [26]
Bill Clinton
42nd President of the United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 19 August 1946 William Jefferson Blythe Jr.
American traveling salesmanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 17 May 1946 3 months, 2 days Automobile accident.
Peter Kocan
Australian author and attempted assassin of Arthur CalwellScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 4 May 1947 His father 3 months Automobile accident.
Pedro López
Colombian serial killerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 8 October 1948 Midardo Reyes 4 April 1948 6 months, 4 days Murdered in La Violencia.[27]
Jett Williams
American singerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 January 1953 Hank Williams
American singerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 January 1953 Template:Ntsh5 days Possibly drug-induced cardiac arrest.
Wally Carr
Aboriginal Australian boxerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 11 August 1954 His father 2 months Suicide by gunshot.
Janet Lynn Skinner
American Gospel musicianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 5 July 1955 Billie Haille Spinal meningitis.
Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum
President of the Dubai Civil Aviation Authority and founder of The Emirates GroupScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 December 1958 Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum
Emir of DubaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 9 September 1958 2 months, 21 days
Tyrone Power Jr.
American actorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 22 January 1959 Tyrone Power
American actorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 15 November 1958 2 months, 7 days Fulminant angina pectoris while filming an action scene.
Antwone Fisher
American author and film directorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 3 August 1959 Eddie Elkins 2 months Murdered (shot) by a jealous girlfriend.
John Clark Gable
American actorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 March 1961 Clark Gable
American actorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 16 November 1960 4 months, 4 days Heart attack induced by an arterial blood clot.
Yves Amu Klein
French artistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 August 1962 Yves Klein
French Nouveau réalisme artistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 June 1962 Template:Ntsh2 months Three heart attacks, the first while watching the exploitation film Mondo Cane.
Sławomir Makaruk
Polish traveler and photographerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 4 October 1963 Sławomir Makaruk
Polish aviatorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 April 1963 Template:Ntsh5 months, 13 days Accident aboard an experimental SZD-21 Kobuz glider.
Tariq Al-Ali
Kuwaiti actor and comedianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 18 January 1966 His father
Rory Kennedy
American documentary filmmakerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 December 1968 Robert F. Kennedy
U.S. Senator from New York and younger brother of John F. KennedyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 6 June 1968 Template:Ntsh6 months, 6 days Assassination while campaigning for the 1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries.
Fred Hampton Jr.
American political activistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 29 December 1969 Fred Hampton
American Marxist-Leninist revolutionary and deputy chairman of the Black Panther PartyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 4 December 1969 Template:Ntsh25 days Killed by the Chicago Police Department in a raid. The status of this as an assassination is somewhat disputed; however many sources see this as an assassination or at least a politically motivated extrajudicial execution, with support from the FBI's COINTELPRO program.[28][29][30][31][32][33]
Brandon Teena
American victim of transphobic hate murderScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 December 1972 Patrick Brandon 7 April 1972 Template:Ntsh8 months, 5 days Automobile accident.
Philippe Cousteau Jr.
Franco-American oceanographer and environmental activistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 20 January 1980 Philippe Cousteau
French cinematographerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 28 June 1979 Template:Ntsh6 months, 21 days Aviation accident.
Diana Yukawa
Japanese-British violinist and composerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 16 September 1985 Akihisa Yukawa
Japanese bankerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 12 August 1985 Template:Ntsh1 month, 4 days Japan Air Lines Flight 123 crash.
Natasha Ignatenko
Chernobyl disaster victimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1986 Vasily Ignatenko
Soviet firefighterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 13 May 1986 Acute Radiation Syndrome contracted while extinguishing fires above the exploded Reactor Nº4.
Gia Coppola
American filmmakerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 1 January 1987 Gian-Carlo Coppola
American film producerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 26 May 1986 Template:Ntsh7 months, 3 days Speedboating accident.

Posthumous birth after the mother's death

It can happen that the mother dies before giving birth. This usually results in the death of the child, but in exceptional cases the child, surgically removed from the mother's womb, can survive.

There is only a handful of such records. The most famous is perhaps the case of Raymond Nonnatus (1204–1240), the Spanish saint in the Middle Ages, who was born this way. His Latin adjective also suggests this ("unborn").[34]

A similar case is reported by Andrea Majocchi (1876–1965), an Italian doctor who mentions in his book a case where two live babies were removed from their mother's womb before delivery and brought to the doctor, but there they suddenly died.[35]

In 2024, a Palestinian baby was removed from her mother's womb at 30 weeks gestation after her mother was killed in a drone strike. The baby died in the incubator a few days later.[36]

Modern medical technologies allow homeostasis and overall organ function to be maintained in brain-dead pregnant women to ensure proper development of the fetus, leading to the successful delivery of a healthy child.[37]

The so-called coffin birth is strongly distinguished from the "birth" after the death of the mother. This is the inverse of the former. Here the baby is actually born but is already dead. It differs from the normal stillbirth in that here the mother is already dead too, and only the decomposition gases / contraction of the body inside her push out the baby's also dead body.

Religious and mythological people born posthumously

The Bible's Old Testament mentions two named cases of posthumous children:

  • Ashhur, youngest son of Hezron, born when his father had died when aged past 60 years. (1 Chronicles 2:21, 24)
  • Ichabod, who was born when his mother, who subsequently died, heard news that his father Phinehas had been killed at the Battle of Aphek and paternal grandfather Eli accidentally killed afterwards. (1 Samuel 4:19–22)

Indian mythology

Greek mythology

  • The medicine god Asclepius is said to have been delivered by caesarean section after his mother Cyrene was killed on Mount Olympus by his aunt Artemis.[2]
  • The wine god Dionysus is said to have been rescued from the ashes of his mother Semele after she is unwillingly incinerated by his father Zeus while she was pregnant with him. Zeus then sows Dionysus to his groin until he is fully born.

Celtic mythology

Fictional characters born posthumously

  • Macduff, a character in Shakespeare's Macbeth, revealed that he was not literally born, but removed from his [dead] mother, completing a plot twist.
  • In Gabrielle-Suzanne de Villeneuve's fairy tale Beauty and the Beast, the Prince's father, the King, died months before he was born.
  • The Irish Republican song "The Broad Black Brimmer" was about a boy whose father died before he was born.
  • In The Adventures of Sinbad: TV series 11th episode "The Prince Who Wasn't" A man tries to eradicate his brother's bloodline by murdering his brother and only nephew. It's later revealed that his sister-in-law is pregnant.
  • The Charles Dickens character David Copperfield was a posthumous child, whose father had died six months before he was born.[38] Another Dickens character, Oliver Twist, was posthumous as his mother died while giving birth.
  • On A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child, baby Jacob was born after his father Dan was killed by Freddy.
  • In The Hunger Games series, Gale Hawthorne's sister Posy is born shortly after their father dies in a mine explosion, and Finnick Odair's son is born months after his death in battle.
  • John Connor, a principal character in the Terminator franchise, and son of Sarah Connor and Kyle Reese (a time traveler from the future), was conceived shortly before his father was killed. As an adult, John was in fact responsible for selecting Reese (who was unaware of their relation) to go back in time.
  • The Noughts & Crosses series character Callie-Rose Hadley is born after the execution of her father, Callum McGregor.
  • In the British television soap opera Coronation Street, Liam Connor Jr. was born in July 2009; his father and namesake Liam Connor, was ordered murdered by Tony Gordon just a short time after Liam Jr.'s conception in October 2008.
  • The Stephen King novel Carrie tells briefly of the parents of the titular character, Margaret and Ralph White. Ralph, a construction worker, had impregnated Margaret, only to be killed in a construction accident shortly before the birth of their daughter.
  • In Berserk, the main character Guts is found after having been birthed by a hanging corpse.
  • Grey's Anatomy: Derek Shepherd dies in a car accident in Season 11, nine months before the birth of his daughter.
  • Bahubali series: Mahendra Bahubali is born shortly after his father Amarendra Bahubali is killed.
  • Star Wars Rebels: Kanan Jarrus dies sacrificing himself while rescuing his lover Hera Syndulla, who is pregnant with their son, Jacen Syndulla.
  • In A Song of Ice and Fire, Princess Daenerys Targaryen is born months after the death of her father, King Aerys II Targaryen.
  • Avatar series: Grace Augustine's human form was killed by Colonel Miles Quaritch, but her unconscious Avatar body was kept in stasis and later gave birth to Kiri.
  • In the Bridgerton novels and its Netflix adaptation, the youngest child Hyacinth is born in the weeks following her father’s death from anaphylactic shock from a bee sting.

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c Christine Quigley, The Corpse: A History, McFarland, 1996, Template:ISBN, pages 180 to 181.
  3. ↑ a b c Renee H. Sekino, Posthumous Conception: The Birth of a New Class Template:Webarchive, Boston University Journal of Sci. and Tech. Law, 2001.
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Bowman, William Dodgson. The Story of Surnames. London, George Routledge & Sons, Ltd., 1932. No ISBN.
  11. ↑ Lurie S (2005). "The changing motives of cesarean section: from the ancient world to the twenty-first century". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 271 (4): 281–285. doi:10.1007/s00404-005-0724-4. Template:Catalog lookup link.
  12. ↑ Template:EI2
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Franco Silva, A. (2009) "Las mujeres de Juan Pacheco y su parentela." Historia, Instituciones, Documentos. Vol. 36, pgs. 161-182
  15. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia
  16. ↑ leighrayment, The BaronetageTemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. Retrieved 14 March 2014
  17. ↑ Wikisource. Retrieved 14 March 2014
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia
  20. ↑ New York Magazine (1 Oct 1973), Vol. 6, Nº 40, pg. 76
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Corpo de Itamar Franco chega a Juiz de Fora (MG), onde será velado UOL (In Portuguese), 3 July 2011, accessed in 29 November 2016.
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Horace A. Laffaye, Polo in the United States: A History, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2011, p. 355
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Cowton, Michael (2020) Murders that shocked the world - 70s. Banovallum, 200 pages.
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12671b.htm
  35. ↑ Andrea Majocchi: A műtőlámpa fényében. Egy sebész önéletrajza, Dante Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 1940 (in Hungarian)
  36. ↑ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/26/gaza-baby-girl-saved-from-dead-mothers-womb-dies-in-incubator
  37. ↑ Delivery of a Healthy Baby from a Brain-Dead Woman After 117 Days of Somatic Support: A Case Report
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

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