Polly Cooper
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Polly Cooper was an Oneida woman from the New York colony who took part in an expedition to aid the starving Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. She was among 47 Oneida and Seneca people who carried bushels of corn Script error: No such module "convert". to Valley Forge from late April into May 1778. She taught them how to make a soup with the corn, nuts, and fruits to increase its nutritional value. Not wanting to be paid for her service, she was presented with a black shawl, which has been esteemed by Cooper and the Oneida people. It has been loaned to the Oneida Nation Cultural Center. Cooper is depicted in a bronze statue, "Allies in War, Partners in Peace", made by Edward Hlavka. It is on display at the National Museum of the American Indian of the Smithsonian Institution.
American Revolution
The Oneida had a friendly relationship with George Washington and his army.Template:Sfn They supported the American cause due to the leadership of the Presbyterian preacher, Samuel KirklandTemplate:Sfn and their disdain for the British appointed native superintendents, Sir William Johnson and his son-in-law Guy Johnson.Template:Sfn
The Oneida and Tuscarora people played a significant role in the American Revolutionary War. They fought and died with the Continental Army, they were scouts, and they provided intelligence of British troop movements during the war.[1][2]Template:Sfn Doing so meant that they fought against the other nations of the Iroquois Confederacy who sided with the British.[2] In 1777, the Seneca, some Mohawk, and Cuyoga officially chose to fight with the British.Template:Sfn
Valley Forge
On April 25, a group of forty-seven Oneida and Seneca men, along with Polly Cooper, left with Louis de Tousard, carrying bushels of corn and supplies Script error: No such module "convert". to assist Washington at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.[3]Template:SfnTemplate:Efn They walked through cold weather and deep snow[2] to reach the soldiers who were starving and dying of exposure.[1][2] They arrived in May 1778.[4] Cooper taught the Continental Army soldiers how to make the native's hulled corn soup, mixed with nuts and fruits to improve its nutritional quality.Template:Sfn Cooper stayed to care for ill soldiers.[2] She also became Washington's cook.[5]Template:Efn
The shawl
The Continental Army tried to pay Polly Cooper for her valiant service, but she refused any recompense, stating that it was her duty to help her friends in their time of need.[6]Template:Sfn According to Oneida oral tradition,[3] Cooper was given a bonnet and a dark shawl by Martha Washington, who was at the encampment until June.[4]Template:Efn
The shawl is still in the care of the Cooper descendants and is in nearly perfect condition.[7] It has been loaned for display on special occasions[2] at the Shako:wi, The Oneida Nation Cultural Center.[8]
After the war
After the war, the Oneida clans lost most of their land.Template:Sfn The Oneida people's role in American history has been understated or forgotten for two centuries.[2][9] According to Carlton E. Spitzer, modern television documentaries generally exclude the roles that Native Americans and Black Americans played in the colonial war.[2] In 2001, Valley Forge was replacing the film it shows visitors with one that reflects the role Native Americans and black soldiers played in America's history.[2]
Legacy
- The Polly Cooper Chapter of the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution is located in Chappaqua, New York.[10]
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- In 2004, the Oneida Indian Nation commissioned a bronze statue by sculptor, Edward Hlavka to share the oral tradition of Polly Cooper.[11] The twenty-two foot tall, 2,200 pound monument "Allies in War, Partners in Peace" was gifted to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of the American Indian and is displayed on the Oneida floor.[12]Template:Sfn It depicts Polly Cooper carrying a basket of corn with Chief Skenandoa, General George Washington, and two Oneidas at Valley Forge. Skenandoa represents the warriors who fought with the patriots during the Revolutionary War.Template:Sfn
- In 2005, she was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the Oneida County Historical Society.[13]
Notes
References
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Bibliography
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- Pages with script errors
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- Oneida people
- Iroquois women
- Native American people in the American Revolution
- Women in the American Revolution
- Year of death unknown
- Year of birth unknown
- Native American women in warfare
- People of New York (state) in the American Revolution
- 18th-century Native American women
- 18th-century American women
- 18th-century Native American people