Political Security Directorate
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The Political Security Directorate (PSD, Template:Langx) was an intelligence service of Ba'athist Syria. It was divided into an Internal Security Department and an External Security Department.[1] Intelligence division was affiliated to the Ministry of Interior. Its activities involved the surveillance of the satellite parties of National Progressive Front and was active against the Syrian opposition.[2][3] It monitors literature, print publications, political dissent, and all media outlets.[1][4][5] This intelligence service was headed by Major General Ghaith Shafeeq Deeb from February 5, 2021 until December 2024.[6]
Organization
The Political Intelligence Directorate was supervised by the Ministry of Interior.[7] The PSD was also controlled by former President Bashar al-Assad through the National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Central Command.[8] It was divided into two departments:[9]
- Internal Security Department (ISD)
- Investigative Branch
- Operations Branch
- External Security Department (ESD)
- Arab Affairs Branch
- Refugee Affairs Branch
- Zionist and Jewish Affairs Branch
Directors
- Ahmad Sa'id Salih (Early 80s —1987)[9]
- Adnan Badr Hassan (1987–2002)[10]
- Ghazi Kanaan (2002–2004)[11]
- Muhammad Mansoura (2004–2009)[12][13]
- Mohammed Dib Zaitoun (2009 – 25 July 2012)[14][15]
- Rustum Ghazali (25 July 2012 – 24 April 2015)
- Nasser Muhammad Al-Ali (24 April 2015–2017)
- Mohammad Khaled al-Rahmoun (2017–26 November 2018)[17]
- Hossam Louka (26 November 2018–July 2019)[17]
- Nasser Muhammad Al-Ali (July 2019–5 February 2021)[18]
- Ghaith Shafeeq Deeb (5 February 2021–December 2024)
Regional Directors
- Rif Dimashq branch: Brig. Gen. Sameer al-Sheikh (1993–2005)[19]
- Aleppo branch: Brig. Gen. Akram Ali Muhammad (2009–2013)[20]
- Daraa branch: Brig. Gen. Atef Najib (2011), the European Union sanctioned him for "being responsible for the violence against protesters in Daraa during the Syrian uprising".[21] He was replaced by Brig. Gen. Nasser al-Ali.[16]
Other Syrian intelligence agencies
- National Security Bureau
- General Intelligence Directorate
- Military Intelligence Directorate
- Air Force Intelligence Directorate
References
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- ↑ Robert G. Rabil Syria, the United States, and the war on terror in the Middle East Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, Template:ISBN p.214
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- ↑ Brigadier Sameer al-Sheikh from Idlib was serving in political security branch in Damascus countryside governorate circa 1993-2005
- ↑ الأسد يصدر مرسومين بتعيين أربعة محافظين جدد
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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