Polemonium
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Polemonium, commonly called Jacob's ladders or Jacob's-ladders (the name derived from the Biblical story), is a genus of between 25 and 40 species of flowering plants in the family Polemoniaceae, native to cool temperate to arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.[1]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript One species, Polemonium micranthum, also occurs in the southern Andes in South America. Many of the species grow at high altitudes, in mountainous areas. Most of the uncertainty in the number of species relates to those in Eurasia, many of which have been synonymized with Polemonium caeruleum.[3]Template:R/superscript
Polemonium are perennial plants (rarely annual plants) growing 10–120 cm tall with bright green leaves divided into lance-shaped leaflets. They produce blue (rarely white or pink) flowers in the spring and summer.
Some species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora polemoniella.
Species
As of April 2020[update]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kew's Plants of the World Online accepts 37 species.[1]Template:R/superscript Many are locally known simply as "Jacob's ladder".[4]Template:R/superscript[5]Template:R/superscript[6]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript
- Polemonium acutiflorum – tall Jacob's ladder[8]Template:R/superscript[9]Template:R/superscript
- Polemonium boreale AdamsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northern Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium brandegeei (A.Gray) GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Brandegee's Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium caeruleum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Jacob's ladder (the original plant to bear this name); charity
- Polemonium californicum Eastw.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – showy Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium campanulatum (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium carneum A.GrayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – royal Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium caucasicum N.BuschScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium chartaceum H.MasonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Mason's Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium chinense (Brand) BrandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium confertum – Rocky Mountain Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium eddyense StubbsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Mount Eddy Jacob's-ladder
- Polemonium elegans GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – elegant Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium elusum J.J.Irwin & R.L.Hartm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – elusive Jacob's-ladder
- Polemonium eximium GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – sky pilot
- Polemonium foliosissimum A.GrayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – towering Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium glabrum J.F.DavidsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium grandiflorum Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium hingganicum (P.H.Huang & S.Y.Li) S.Y.Li & K.T.AdairScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium kiushianum Kitam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium majus Tolm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium mexicanum Cerv. ex Lag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium micranthum Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – annual polemonium
- Polemonium nevadense WherryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Nevada Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium occidentale GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – western Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium pauciflorum S.WatsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – few-flower Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium pectinatum GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Washington Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium pulchellum BungeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – beautiful Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium reptans L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Jacob's ladder, Greek valerian
- Polemonium sachalinense Vorosch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium schizanthum KlokovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium schmidtii KlokovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium × speciosum Rydb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium sumushanense G.H.Liu & Y.Q.MaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium vanbruntiae BrittonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Vanbrunt's Jacob's ladder
- Polemonium × victoris KlokovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium vilosissimum (Hultén) D.F.Murray & ElvenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium villosum Rudolph ex GeorgiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Polemonium viscosum Nutt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – sticky polemonium
- Polemonium yezoense (Miyabe & Kudô) Kitam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Kew Plant List of Polemonium species, synonyms, unaccepted names
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Jepson Flora of California: Polemonium
- ↑ Template:Michigan Flora
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- ↑ Maiz-Tome, L. 2016. Polemonium acutiflorum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T64321387A67730462. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64321387A67730462.en. Downloaded on 30 March 2020.
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