Plutonium tetrafluoride
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| Template:Longitem | PuF4 |
| Molar mass | 320 g/mol |
| Appearance | reddish-brown monoclinic crystals |
| Density | 7.1 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
| Template:Longitem | Monoclinic, mS60 |
| Template:Longitem | C12/c1, No. 15 |
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Plutonium(IV) fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula PuF4. This salt is generally a brown solid but can appear a variety of colors depending on the grain size, purity, moisture content, lighting, and presence of contaminants.[2][3] Its primary use in the United States has been as an intermediary product in the production of plutonium metal for nuclear weapons usage.[4]
Formation
Plutonium(IV) fluoride is produced in the reaction between plutonium dioxide (PuO2) or plutonium(III) fluoride (PuF3) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) in a stream of oxygen (O2) at 450 to 600 °C. The main purpose of the oxygen stream is to avoid reduction of the product by hydrogen gas, small amounts of which are often found in HF.[5]
- PuO2 + O2 + 4 HF → PuF4 + O2 + 2 H2O
- 4 PuF3 + O2 + 4 HF → 4 PuF4 + 2 H2O
Laser irradiation of plutonium hexafluoride (PuF6) at wavelengths under 520 nm causes it to decompose into plutonium pentafluoride (PuF5) and fluorine; if this is continued, plutonium(IV) fluoride is obtained.[6]
Properties
In terms of its structure, solid plutonium(IV) fluoride features 8-coordinate Pu centers interconnected by doubly bridging fluoride ligands.[7]
Reaction of plutonium tetrafluoride with barium, calcium, or lithium at 1200 °C give Pu metal:[2][3][4]
- PuF4 + 2 Ba → 2 BaF2 + Pu
- PuF4 + 2 Ca → 2 CaF2 + Pu
- PuF4 + 4 Li → 4 LiF + Pu
References
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- ↑ Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, System Nr. 71, Transurane, Teil C, pp. 104–107.
- ↑ <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>Template:Citation/make link, Rabideau, Sherman W. & Campbell, George M., "Photochemical preparation of plutonium pentafluoride", issued Script error: No such module "auto date formatter".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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Template:Plutonium compounds Template:Fluorides Template:Actinide halides