Plutonium tetrafluoride

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Plutonium tetrafluoride[1]
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Template:Longitem PuF4
Molar mass 320 g/mol
Appearance reddish-brown monoclinic crystals
Density 7.1 g/cm3
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Template:Longitem Monoclinic, mS60
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Plutonium(IV) fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula PuF4. This salt is generally a brown solid but can appear a variety of colors depending on the grain size, purity, moisture content, lighting, and presence of contaminants.[2][3] Its primary use in the United States has been as an intermediary product in the production of plutonium metal for nuclear weapons usage.[4]

Formation

Plutonium(IV) fluoride is produced in the reaction between plutonium dioxide (PuO2) or plutonium(III) fluoride (PuF3) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) in a stream of oxygen (O2) at 450 to 600 °C. The main purpose of the oxygen stream is to avoid reduction of the product by hydrogen gas, small amounts of which are often found in HF.[5]

PuO2 + O2 + 4 HF → PuF4 + O2 + 2 H2O
4 PuF3 + O2 + 4 HF → 4 PuF4 + 2 H2O

Laser irradiation of plutonium hexafluoride (PuF6) at wavelengths under 520 nm causes it to decompose into plutonium pentafluoride (PuF5) and fluorine; if this is continued, plutonium(IV) fluoride is obtained.[6]

Properties

In terms of its structure, solid plutonium(IV) fluoride features 8-coordinate Pu centers interconnected by doubly bridging fluoride ligands.[7]

Reaction of plutonium tetrafluoride with barium, calcium, or lithium at 1200 °C give Pu metal:[2][3][4]

PuF4 + 2 Ba → 2 BaF2 + Pu
PuF4 + 2 Ca → 2 CaF2 + Pu
PuF4 + 4 Li → 4 LiF + Pu
File:Plutonium tetrafluoride color square.jpg
Plutonium tetrafluoride sample with example of one color illustrated through reference to a color standard[8]

References

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  5. Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, System Nr. 71, Transurane, Teil C, pp. 104–107.
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