Plered

Template:Short description Template:Infobox historic site Plered (also Pleret) was the location of the palace of Amangkurat I of Mataram (1645–1677). Amangkurat moved the capital there from the nearby Karta in 1647. During the Trunajaya rebellion, the capital was occupied and sacked by the rebels, and Amangkurat died during the retreat from the capital. His son and successor Amangkurat II later moved the capital to Kartasura. It was twice occupied by Diponegoro, during the Java War (1825–1830) between his forces and the Dutch. The Dutch assaulted the walled complex in June 1826, which was Diponegoro's first major defeat in the war.

Following the Java War, the town's decline accelerated and today it is in ruins. The remains are now located in the Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, close to the banks of the Opak River, and south of Kota Gede. It has been researched for archaeological remains It is located to the east of the site of Sultan Agung's Karta Palace at Karta. It is also the location of extensive irrigation and other water works that occurred at the time of the palace being used.

History

Construction

Sultan Agung (1613–1645) built the previous court complex at Karta and moved the capital there in the first decade of his reign. The decision to move to a new capital might have been made during his reign in 1634 when a fire in Karta killed "many people of the court".Template:Sfn In 1644, Sultan Agung started building an artificial lake in an area which became known as Plered.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn He died two years later and was succeeded by his son Amangkurat I.Template:Sfn In 1647, shortly after taking the throne, Amagkurat built his royal residence near the lake and moved the court there.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In contrast to Karta, which was made of wood, the royal compound at Plered was built of brick.Template:Sfn Amangkurat continued to expand this complex up to 1666.Template:Sfn

Fall of Plered during the Trunajaya rebellion

In 1677, during the Trunajaya rebellion, Plered was taken by the rebel forces, consisting of Madurese troops, as well as Javanese forces from East Java and the central northern coast, led by Raden Kajoran.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The defenders, led by Amangkurat's four eldest sons, offered an ineffective defense and were defeated.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Consequently, Amangkurat and the royal family fled the court, and soon after the rebels entered the complex and plundered it.Template:Sfn The rebels also took the royal treasury of at least 300,000 Spanish reals.Template:Sfn According to a man claiming to have witnessed the fall of Plered, Sp. Rl. 300,000 was taken to Trunajaya's capital in Kediri, while Amangkurat II (son and successor of Amangkurat I) later said that Sp. Rl. 150,000 was taken to Kediri while Sp. Rl. 200,000 remained in Plered with Trunajaya's local commander.Template:Sfn

During the retreat, Amangkurat I died near Tegal and was succeeded by his son, Amangkurat II.Template:Sfn Another son, Pangeran Puger occupied Plered after the rebels left and made a rival claim to the kingdom.Template:Sfn Unable to take Plered from his brother, Amangkurat moved his capital to the newly built Kartasura in 1680.Template:Sfn

During Diponegoro War

File:Bestorming van Pleret.jpg

Bestorming van Pleret (1900) by G. Kepper, depicts the Dutch assault on Plered in 1826.

Template:See Although abandoned as a capital, Plered played another role during the Java War or the Diponegoro War (1825–1830) between the Dutch and the Javanese forces under Prince Diponegoro.Template:Sfn Diponegoro occupied Plered in 1825Template:Sfn and kept his weapons and livestock there. He used it as a base to attack convoys supplying the nearby Imogiri held by the Dutch.Template:Sfn In April 1826, the Dutch under General Van Geen attacked Plered.Template:Sfn Diponegoro did not engage in combat and withdrew to the west.Template:Sfn Van Geen entered Plered and took the weapons and livestock kept there as booty.Template:Sfn Lacking forces to keep the town, he subsequently withdrew to Yogyakarta.Template:Sfn Subsequently, Diponegoro reoccupied the town and fortified it.Template:Sfn In June 1826, Dutch forces with a strong contingent of Madurese auxiliaries besieged the town. On 9 June, the besiegers detonated a mine under the ramparts, causing a breach through which they attacked.Template:Sfn After a day of "bloody fighting", the attackers completely occupied Plered.Template:Sfn This battle was Diponegoro's first major defeat in the war. The Dutch left a garrison of 700 men, and there was no further attempt from Diponegoro to retake it.Template:Sfn

Decline

Following the Diponegoro War, the town's decline accelerated and when G. P. Rouffaer drew a map in 1889, it was already in ruins.Template:Sfn

Layout

File:Plered Kraton Map.png

A map of Plered's walled kraton.

Because of the destruction of the buildings, the layout of Plered could only be approximated from historical reports, such as Van Goens' description of his 1648 visit to the palace, a map by Rouffaers based on his visit to the ruins in 1889, another map by Louw in 1897, and Javanese texts such as the babads as well as modern archaeological analysis of the site.Template:Sfn

The kraton of Plered was a walled structure in a shape that is roughly square but not perfectly symmetrical.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Van Goens wrote its circumference was 600 roede (2256 meters),Template:Sfn while Indonesian archaeologist Widya Nayati estimated it to be 3040 meters.Template:Sfn Rouffers' report said that the walls (which was then already destroyed) had been 5–6 meters high and 150 centimeters thick,Template:Sfn Van Goens wrote that it was 18–20 feet high and 12 feet thick,Template:Sfn and Indonesian archaeologists Alifah and Hery Priswanto estimated the thickness to be between 220 and 280 centimeters.Template:Sfn The walls were made of bricks, tuff, and andesite.Template:Sfn

Rouffers' map named some buildings inside the complex, including a mosque, a tiger cage, and names such as Sitiinggil, Keben, and Srimanganti.Template:Sfn The tiger cage was the first known permanent tiger cage in Javanese courts.Template:Sfn Around the walled complex, there were settlements named after their inhabitants, e.g. Kauman for the Ulama, Gerjen for the tailors (gerji in Javanese), and these names are still used today.Template:Sfn

Today

Today ricefields occupy most of the former enclosure.Template:Sfn The remains of the town became a cultural heritage site ("Cagar Budaya"), located in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta.Template:Sfn

File:Masjid Kauman Pleret (12).jpg

Plered archeological site of Kauman Mosque

See also

• Yogyakarta
• Kota Gede