Piuchén

File:Guevara(1908)-Psicolojía-p323-Fig42.1-Pihuicheñ.jpg

Pihuicheñ of the Mapuche

The () or (), from Mapuche: for “to dry people” (transliterations: , , , ) is a vampiric creature from the Mapuche mythology and Chilote mythology known in much of Chile.

This blood-sucker often assumes the guise of a flying snake, or a large lizard with bat wings, that emits strange whistling sounds or hisses that stun or kill its enemy or prey. It is also described as a avian-piscine-human composite, or a shapeshifter taking on the form of animals.

The lore may have derived from encounters with the common vampire bat.

Nomenclature

The name Piuchén (Piuchénes) derives from Mapuche (also styled , ) for "mythic bird, bat" or "flying serpent". The may further break down into 'to dry' + 'people'.

Some forms are: given by Template:Interlanguage link,Template:Refn by Template:Interlanguage link; Andrés Febrés gave the form ,Template:Refn which had been misprinted.Template:Refn

Another linguist suggests onomatopoeic simulation of the bird-call of the (Pardirallus sanguinolentus, species of rail).

Legend

In the mythology of the Mapuche, the original creature known as the Template:Refn generally assumes the form of a winged serpent. It flies off at night, sucking the blood of animals and humans asleep in the forest. It prefers the season when the roble tree sprouts, and is considered a forest spirit. In hot heat, the creature remains clinging to the bark of a tree, so that the dribbling blood may be found underneath.Template:Refn

One source differentiates between the Mapuche Pihuichen and the later Piguchen.

Appearance

In various versions with local variations, it may be a serpent with feathered wings (as told in Vichuquén), or alternatively a large lizard with bat wings.

The Pihuchén is a black winged snake about in length, with a bristly body, according to the lore in the vicinity of Santiago, whose cattle fell victim. The informant stated the bristles were deadly poison upon contact with skin, making (live) capture an impossible task, hence the eradication by fire without handling the beast.

The creature enjoys incredible longevity, and in old age, the winged serpent may transform into a rooster-sized bird, or a young turkey sized bird. Others say it transforms in its old age into a Template:Linktext a huge frog with squat broad wings inadequate for long-distance flying, covered in fine down feathers (as told in Talagante).

In another telling from Ovalle in the Coquimbo Region, the Piuchén "has a parrot's beak and wings, a toad-like body and a snake-like tail".Template:Refn An actual specimen supposedly caught in the Coquimbo area was deduced to be a vampire bat (cf. Template:Section link), nevertheless, the myth about it ascribed reptilian-avian-mammalian features to it.Template:Refn

The abbot Juan Ignacio Molina also wrote a paragraph on the "winged quadruped, or a kind of large bat".Template:Refn A later lexicographer remarked that Molina had been deceived by a gift of some dead rare animal claimed to be a piuchén, and the abbot only described such cadaver in detail.

Its ability to shapeshift into human, plant, or animal in certain instances has also been claimed.

Behavioral traits

It reputedly makes a strange whistling sound (noun: , verb: ), some say it emits the shrilly whistle three times to announce its presence.Template:Sfnp Others considered its hiss and gaze capable of killing prey,Template:Refn or the gaze may paralyze the victim and the creature then leisurely feeds on the blood of the stupefied victim. Besides the deadly gaze, some claim the creature is born from the egg of a red rooster or from the corpse of a brujo witch doctor punished for a blunder. (cf. basilisk from an egg and mandrake growing by the gallows).

The claim that it seeks sheep blood when humans are not found, according to one source is contradicted by the opinion of Vicuña Cifuentes that the creature prefers animal blood over human.Template:Refn Herders are said to blame the monster for their sheep and goat found slaughtered overnight.Template:Efn According to some, Template:Failed verification span

Richard Longeville Vowell, a volunteer in the Thomas Cochrane campaign in Chile c. 1820, is the attributed author of an 1831 memoir which described the pehüechèn [sic], which he was convinced was a bat. Nevertheless he reported the lore around it, as told by the huasos of Template:Interlanguage linkTemplate:Efn who loved fantastic stories. Most of them could swear to at least knowing a relative or friend who has slaughter the beast in the act of attacking (and presumably in the process of killing ) sheep. The superstition among them was that they could suck blood at a distance, merely by hovering above, and their shrieks were held to be dangerous.

Habitat

As for the aboriginal notion of a forest spirit, one source associates the beast with the forest of "Chilean larch" (""), i.e., forest of the Chilean larch or "false larch". The piuchén is so powerful it effortlessly knocks down this Chilean larch (alerces), the Template:Interlanguage link, or other huge trees, according to Chilote lore (of the Chiloé Archipelago).

The black, bristled piguchén dwelled in the mountain range (presumably Andes mountains) and would go to Santiago or San Bernardo to feast on cattle.

In Chilote folklore, the creature is described as a Template:Linktext composite creature, part human, snake, bird, and fish, and covered with all sorts of things such as grass, bushes, and twisted horn-like protrusions (and also resembling a frog and a bat), preferring to dwell in lakes and rivers, haunting the local Lake Huillinco. It allegedly can raise gigantic waves that cause nearby boats to sink. And it exudes some sort of irritant from its body that causes rashes.

Other sources say the creature's habitat occurs in marshy terrain or at the bottom of lagoons.

(See further in Template:Section link).

Combatting against

Some say it is a green snake that dwells in the heart of trees.Template:Refn Its presence can be tracked because it leaves a trail of bloody urine it excretes,Template:Refn which may also be found dribbling beneath the tree it uses as lair (as told in Melipilla).

As aforementioned, the Santiago area informant claimed that the beasts poisoned bristles made live capture impossible. Thus, to kill a Pihuchén living in a Tree hollow (), it is suggested the hole be plugged with hefty cloth then to set the tree on fire.

Mapuche belief was that the Pihuichéñ coordinated its attacks with the machi (herbal healer), and they were in alliance, but it is also claimed that only the machi alone can defeat the creature , as he or she can counteract the hypnosis with herbal cures.

Superstition in Ovalle recommends waving a white flag or whistling in a bottle to ward the creature off, and adds that adding white goat to one's flock diminishes the chance of being attacked.Template:Refn In Macul, Santiago Province, the old saying was that grouping the goats in sixes within the herd will protect them from the creature.Template:Refn Another informant (probably around the rim of Greater Santiago) swore blowing an ox horn (, cf. erkencho) would scare it away and protect the herd of cattle.

Fauna identification

The lore of the blood-sucking creature may well have derived from an actual vampire bat species. The bat of scientific name Desmodus dorbinyi [sic] (recté D. dorbignyi ) was given in older literature for the animal associated with myth.Template:Refn

According to modern zoologists, this species name is a disused synonym of Desmodus rotundus, the common vampire bat, also known by the Spanish vernacular "Piuchén".

Parallels

Floridor Pérez notes some parallel with the "goat-sucker" Chupacabra that he claims had devastated livestock especially in Chile's Cuarta Region (Coquimbo Region) into the 20th century. He wonders if the Piguchén might have been the precursor of the Chupacabra.

See also

• Colo Colo
• Basilisco Chilote
• Chonchon
• Chupacabra