Pioneer River
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Pioneer River is a river in North Queensland, Australia.[1] The Script error: No such module "convert". long river flows through the city of Template:QLDcity.
History
Captain John Mackay and his party were the first Europeans to discover the river in 1860. Mackay named it Mackay River after his father, George Mackay of Uralla in New South Wales. However, when George Bowen, the Governor of Queensland, visited on Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in October 1862, the name was changed to Pioneer River.[1]
Location and features
The river rises in the Pinnacle Ranges below Mount McBryde near Pinevale, Queensland, Script error: No such module "convert". southwest of Mackay. The river flows in a northerly direction into the Pioneer Valley. At Template:QLDcity the river flows to the east before reaching its mouth and emptying into the Coral Sea at Mackay. The river is joined by ten tributaries including Cattle Creek, Queensland (North Burnett Region) and Blacks Creek.[2] The river is too shallow for navigation, drying sandbanks encountered only a few kilometres upstream of the river mouth. During king tides the Pioneer River may experience a tidal range of up to Script error: No such module "convert"..
The catchment covers an area of Script error: No such module "convert"..[3] Upper parts of the catchment are too steep for agriculture and remain covered by rainforests and open woodlands.[2] In 2002, a Queensland Government report found that the local sugar industry had allowed five pesticides to enter the river, exceeding acceptable standards.[4]
The river has a number of water storage facilities built along its course including Teemburra Dam, Dumbleton Weir, Mirani Weir and Marian Weir. It is crossed by the Bruce Highway and the North Coast railway line in Mackay.
The river is crossed by the Script error: No such module "convert". Forgan Bridge at Mackay.
Pioneer Valley
The Pioneer Valley is one of Australia's richest sugar cane areas. It runs for about 45 km from Netherdale in the west to Marian in the east. For much of its length it is drained by Cattle Creek, until that creek joins the Pioneer River near Benholme. The valley contains important sugar mills and contains linked railway lines as far west as Pinnacle.
In September 2022, the Queensland State Government's Premier, Annastacia Palaszczuk, announced a proposed pumped-storage hydroelectricity scheme that will involve flooding some land of the valley.[5]
Flooding
The river is prone to flooding, most recently in February 2008 when a height of just over Script error: No such module "convert". (classed as moderate flooding according to the Bureau of Meteorology) was recorded at a gauge in the centre of Mackay.[3] This height was reached after extremely heavy rain fell over Mackay (Script error: No such module "convert". in 6 hours). After the devastating Mackay cyclone of 21 January 1918, the river was flooded for weeks. The Pioneer has reached major flood levels on twenty occasions since records first began in 1884, with the highest reaching Script error: No such module "convert". in 1958.[3]
See also
<templatestyles src="Stack/styles.css"/>
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".