Petrocorii
Template:Short descriptionTemplate:Cleanup lang Template:Location mark The Petrocorii were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the present-day Périgord region, between the Dordogne and Vézère rivers, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
Etymology
They are mentioned as Petrocoriis by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[1] Petrokórioi (Πετροκόριοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD) and Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),[2] Petrocori by Pliny (mid-1st c. AD),[3] and as Petrogorii by Sidonius Apollinaris (5th c. AD).[4][5]
The Gaulish ethnonym Petrocorii means 'four armies', or 'four troops'. It derives from the Gaulish stem petru- ('four') attached to corios ('army'), after a Gallic custom of including numbers in tribal names (e.g. Vo-contii, Vo-corii, Tri-corii, Suess-iones).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Their name may indicate a relatively recent formation emerging from the union of fragmented small ethnic groups.Template:Sfn
The word corios derives from Proto-Celtic *koryos ('troop, tribe'; cf. Middle Welsh Script error: No such module "Lang". 'tribe, clan'; Mid. Ir. cuire), itself from Proto-Indo-European *kóryos, meaning 'army, people under arms'. The root is also found in other Gaulish tribal names such as the Tri-corii or the Corio-solites.Template:Sfn The root petru- stems from Proto-Celtic *kʷetwór- ('four'; cf. OIr. cetheoir, OW. and OBret. petguar).Template:Sfn
The city of Périgueux, attested ca. 400 AD as civitas Petrocoriorum ('civitas of the Petrocorii'; Petrecors in the 8th c., Periguhès in 1466), and the Périgord region, attested in the 7th c. AD as pagum Petrocorecum ('pagus of the Petrocorii'; Petragoricus in 781, Peiregore in the 12th c.), are named after the Gallic tribe.Template:Sfn
Geography
The Petrocorii lived in the present-day Périgord region, between the Dordogne and Vézère rivers.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Their territory was located south of the Lemovices and Santones, east of the Bituriges Vivisci, west of the Arverni, and north of the Nitiobroges and Cadurci.[6]Template:Sfn
During the Roman period, their chief town was Vesunna, corresponding to the modern town of Périgueux.[5]
History
In 52 BC, they supplied around 5,000 warriors to Vercingetorix, to aid him to fight the Roman legions of Julius Caesar. Strabo mentions their excellence working with iron.Template:Sfn
See also
References
Bibliography
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- ↑ Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico, 7:75:3.
- ↑ Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:2:2; Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:7:9.
- ↑ Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 4:109.
- ↑ Sidonius Apollinaris. Epistles, 7:6:7.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes"., s.v. Petrocori and Vesunna.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"., Map 14: Caesarodunum-Burdigala.