Persicaria

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File:Leiden University Library - Seikei Zusetsu vol. 25, page 010 - 大毛蓼 - Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach, 1804.jpg
Illustration from the Japanese agricultural encyclopedia Seikei Zusetsu (1804)

Persicaria is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds[1]Template:Rp or smartweeds.[2] It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide.[2][3] The genus was segregated from Polygonum.[4]

Description

The genus includes annual and perennial herbs with taproots or fibrous root systems, or with rhizomes or stolons. The stems are often erect but may be prostrate along the ground, and some species are prickly.[2] The stems are self-supporting or twining and climbing.[5] The leaves are alternately arranged, deciduous, and variously shaped. The brownish or reddish ochrea may be leathery to papery. The inflorescence may be a panicle or a spikelike or headlike arrangement of fascicles of flowers. The flower is white, greenish, reddish, pink or purple, with the tepals partially fused together along the bases. The fruit is an achene which can take a number of shapes, including a disc or a sphere.[2]

Taxonomy

Within the family Polygonaceae, Persicaria is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae, where the tribe Persicarieae consists of two sister genera, Bistorta and Koenigia, together with Persicaria.Template:Sfn

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Species

since November 2023Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the following 132 species were accepted:[6]

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Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria acuminata (Kunth) M.GómezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria akakiensis (Cufod.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × ambigua (Meisn.) B.BockScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria amphibia (L.) DelarbreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – amphibious bistort, water smartweed
  • Persicaria angustifolia (Pall.) Ronse Decr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria arifolia (L.) HaraldsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – halberd-leaf tearthumb
  • Persicaria assamica (Meisn.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria barbata (L.) H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × bicolor (Borbás) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria biconvexa (Hayata) NemotoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria bicornis (Raf.) Nieuwl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – pink smartweed
  • Persicaria borneensis (Meisn.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × brauniana (F.W.Schultz) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria breviochreata (Makino) OhkiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria bungeana (Turcz.) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – prickly smartweed
  • Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – pink-head knotweed
  • Persicaria careyi (Olney) GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – pink-head knotweed
  • Persicaria celebica (Danser) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria cespitosa (Blume) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria changhuaensis H.W.Zhang & X.F.JinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria chinensis (L.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Chinese knotweed
  • Persicaria clivorum Seriz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × condensata (F.W.Schultz) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria criopolitana (Hance) MigoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria debilis (Meisn.) H.Gross ex W.LeeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria decipiens (R.Br.) K.L.WilsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – slender knotweed, willow-weed
  • Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria diospyrifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Funez & HassemerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria dissitiflora (Hemsl.) H.Gross ex T.MoriScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria eciliata M.A.HassanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria elatior (R.Br.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria erectominor (Makino) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria extremiorientalis (Vorosch.) TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria ferruginea (Wedd.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × figertii (Beck) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria filiformis (Thunb.) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria foliosa (H.Lindb.) Kitag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria galapagensis (Caruel) GalassoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria geocarpica Suyama & K.UedaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.GómezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – smooth smartweed
  • Persicaria glacialis (Meisn.) H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria glandulopilosa (De Wild.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria glomerata (Dammer) S.Ortiz & PaivaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria greuteriana GalassoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria hassegawae Hanai & Seriz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria hastatosagittata (Makino) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × hervieri (Beck) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria hirsuta (Walter) SmallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – hairy smartweed
  • Persicaria hispida (Kunth) M.GómezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria huananensis (A.J.Li) B.LiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria humboldtiana Funez & HassemerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria humilis (Meisn.) H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × hybrida (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria hydropiper (L.) DelarbreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – water-pepper, marsh-pepper smartweed
  • Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) SmallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – swamp smartweed, mild water-pepper
  • Persicaria hystricula (J.Schust.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria imeretina (Kom.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × intercedens (Beck) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria japonica (Meisn.) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria javanica (Bruyn) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria jucunda (Meisn.) MigoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria kawagoeana (Makino) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria lanata (Roxb.) TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria lankeshanensis T.J.Liang & Bo LiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) DelarbreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – pale persicaria
  • Persicaria leblebicii (Yıld.) RausScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria lii Kitag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria limbata (Meisn.) H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria limicola (Sam.) Yonek. & H.OhashiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria longiflora (Courchet) BorodinaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – bristly lady's thumb
  • Persicaria maackiana (Regel) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria macrantha (Meisn.) HaraldsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria maculosa GrayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Jesusplant, spotted lady's thumb, redshank
  • Persicaria madagascariensis (Meisn.) S.Ortiz & PaivaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria manshuricola Kitag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria meisneriana (Cham. & Schltdl.) M.GómezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Mexican tearthumb
  • Persicaria microcephala (D.Don) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria mikawana Hanai & Seriz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria minor (Huds.) OpizScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – small water-pepper
  • Persicaria mitis (Schrank) AssenovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria muricata (Meisn.) NemotoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × musashinoensis HiyamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria nakaii (H.Hara) CubeyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria nataliae StepanovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria neofiliformis (Nakai) OhkiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Nepal knotweed
  • Persicaria nogueirae S.Ortiz & PaivaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria obtusifolia (Täckh. & Boulos) Greuter & BurdetScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria odorata (Lour.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Vietnamese coriander
  • Persicaria orientalis (L.) SpachScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, prince's feather, princess-feather
  • Persicaria palmata (Dunn) Yonek. & H.OhashiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria paradoxa (H.Lév.) KantachotScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria paraguayensis (Wedd.) S.T.Kim & DonoghueScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria paralimicola (A.J.Li) B.LiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M.GómezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Pennsylvania smartweed
  • Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria peruviana (Meisn.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria pilushanensis (Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou) C.F.Kuo ex T.C.Hsu & S.W.ChungScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria pinetorum (Hemsl.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria poiretii (Meisn.) K.L.WilsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria posumbu (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria praetermissa (Hook.f.) H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria prostrata (R.Br.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - creeping knotweed
  • Persicaria × pseudoincana (Klokov) DoweldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × pseudolapathum (Schur) D.H.KentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria pubescens (Blume) H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria pulchra SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria punctata (Elliott) SmallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – dotted knotweed
  • Persicaria puritanorum (Fernald) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria robustior (Small) E.P.BicknellScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – stout smartweed
  • Persicaria rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) Bo LiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria rubricaulis (Cham.) GalassoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria runcinata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – American tearthumb, arrowleaf tearthumb, arrowvine
  • Persicaria sagittifolia H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria segetum (Kunth) SmallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria setacea (Baldwin) SmallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – bog smartweed
  • Persicaria setosula (A.Rich.) K.L.WilsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria sinica MigoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria sinuata (Royle ex Bab.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria snobarii Munshi & JaveidScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) M.A.HassanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria stelligera (Cham.) GalassoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – spotted knotweed
  • Persicaria strindbergii (J.Schust.) GalassoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria subsessilis (R.Br.) K.L.WilsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria sylvestris Funez & HassemerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria taitoinsularis (Masam.) Yonek.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria taquetii (H.Lév.) Koidz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) SpachScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Chinese indigo, polygonum-indigo
  • Persicaria tomentosa (Schrank) E.P.BicknellScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria trigonocarpa (Makino) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria umbrosa (Sam.) GalassoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – jumpseed
  • Persicaria viscofera (Makino) H.GrossScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria viscosa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross ex T.MoriScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria wellensii (De Wild.) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria × wilmsii (Beck) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Persicaria wugongshanensis Bo LiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Citations

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d Persicaria. Flora of North America.
  3. ↑ Persicaria. New South Wales Flora Online. National Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.
  4. ↑ Wilson, K. L. (1990). "Some widespread species of Persicaria (Polygonaceae) and their allies". Kew Bulletin 45(4) 621-36.
  5. ↑ Persicaria. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

General and cited references

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  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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