Peroxynitrite
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Peroxynitrite (sometimes called peroxonitrite) is an ion with the formula ONOO−. It is a structural isomer of nitrate, Template:Chem/link
Preparation
Peroxynitrite can be prepared by the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide:[1][2][3]
It is prepared by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with nitrite:[4]
- H2O2 + Template:Chem/link → ONOO− + H2O
Its presence is indicated by the absorbance at 302 nm (pH 12, ε302 = 1670 M−1 cm−1).
Reactions
Peroxynitrite is weakly basic with a pKa of ~6.8.
It is reactive toward DNA and proteins.
ONOO− reacts nucleophilically with carbon dioxide. In vivo, the concentration of carbon dioxide is about 1 mM, and its reaction with ONOO− occurs quickly. Thus, under physiological conditions, the reaction of ONOO− with carbon dioxide to form nitrosoperoxycarbonate (Template:Chem/link) is by far the predominant pathway for ONOO−. Template:Chem/link homolyzes to form carbonate radical and nitrogen dioxide, again as a pair of caged radicals. Approximately 66% of the time, these two radicals recombine to form carbon dioxide and nitrate. The other 33% of the time, these two radicals escape the solvent cage and become free radicals. It is these radicals (carbonate radical and nitrogen dioxide) that are believed to cause peroxynitrite-related cellular damage.
Peroxynitrous acid
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See also
References
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- ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. Template:ISBN.
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