Peppered shiner
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The peppered shiner or colorless shiner (Miniellus perpallidus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the true minnows. It is endemic to the United States where it is found in the Red and Ouachita river drainages in southeastern Oklahoma and southern Arkansas.
Historically the species was found in the Little, Kiamichi, Mountain Fork rivers in Oklahoma and the Antoine, Caddo, Little Missouri, Ouachita, and Saline rivers in Arkansas. However due to reservoir construction and changes to habitat Peppered Shiners have not been documented outside of the Saline River since 2001 (Robison, 2006).
Taxonomy
The Peppered Shiner was formally described in 1940 by the American ichthyologist Carl L. Hubbs and John D. Black with the type locality given as the Saline River 5 miles north of Warren in Bradley County, Arkansas. The specific name refers to the extreme pallor and the species distinctly translucent appearance (Hubbs & Black, 1940).
The phylogenetic position of the Peppered Shiner has moved around since its original placement sister to Kiamichi Shiner (Miniellus ortenburgeri) in 1940. The most recent evaluation of the species phylogeny placed next to Swallowtail Shiner (Miniellus procne) (Hollingsworth et al., 2013).
References
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Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".2. Robison, H. W. (2006). Status Survey of the Peppered Shiner, Notropis perpallidus Hubbs and Black, in Arkansas and Oklahoma. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 60(1), 101-107.
3. Hubbs, C. L., & Black, J. D. (1940). Notropis perpallidus, a new minnow from Arkansas. Copeia, 1940(1), 46-49.
4. Hollingsworth, P. R., Simons, A. M., Fordyce, J. A., & Hulsey, C. D. (2013). Explosive diversification following a benthic to pelagic shift in freshwater fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 1-10.