Payload Assist Module
The Payload Assist Module (PAM) is a modular upper stage designed and built by McDonnell Douglas (Boeing), using Thiokol Star-series solid propellant rocket motors. The PAM was used with the Space Shuttle, Delta, and Titan launchers and carried satellites from low Earth orbit to a geostationary transfer orbit or an interplanetary course. The payload was spin stabilized by being mounted on a rotating plate.[1] Originally developed for the Space Shuttle, different versions of the PAM were developed:
- PAM-A (Atlas class), development terminated; originally to be used on both the Atlas and Space Shuttle, designed for satellites up to Template:Convert
- PAM-D (Delta class), uses a Star-48B rocket motor, designed for satellites up to Template:Convert[2]
- PAM-DII (Delta class), uses a Star-63 rocket motor, designed for satellites up to Template:Convert[2]
- PAM-S (Special), uses a Star-48B as a kick motor for the space probe Ulysses[2]
The PAM-D module was used as an optional third stage of the classic Delta rocket. The PAM-D was discontinued after the Challenger accident. A simplified 3rd stage using the STAR-48 motor was employed on Delta II.
2001 re-entry incident
On January 12, 2001, a PAM-D module re-entered the atmosphere after a "catastrophic orbital decay".[3] The PAM-D stage, which had been used to launch the GPS satellite 2A-11 in 1993, crashed in the sparsely populated Saudi Arabian desert, where it was positively identified.[3]
Gallery
-
PAM-D stage in assembly
-
SBS-3 satellite with PAM-D stage being launched from Template:OV
-
Saudi officials inspect a PAM-D module that re-entered the atmosphere in 2001
-
SATCOM KU-2 attached to a PAM-DII is being released from the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis during STS-61B
-
Ulysses is mated with the PAM-S
References
External links
- Payload Assist Module Template:Webarchive at the NASA Shuttle Reference Manual
- Payload Assist Module at GlobalSecurity.org
Template:USAF space vehicles Template:Upper stages Template:Space Shuttle