Pau de arara
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Pau de arara (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a torture method in which the victim is bound by the ankles and wrists, with the biceps under a pole and knees over it. The pau de arara torture method was widely used by during the military dictatorship in Brazil. It was previously used during World War II by Wilhelm Boger at Auschwitz concentration camp, where it came to be known as the "Boger swing".
Name
Pau de arara is a Portuguese term that literally translates to "macaw's perch". The term originates from bird sellers' practice of tying the birds to a perch, where they also hang for transportation.
Torture technique
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Pau de arara is a physical torture technique designed to cause severe joint and muscle pain, as well as headaches and psychological trauma. The technique consists of a bar placed between the victim's biceps and the backs of their knees while their ankles and wrists are tied together. The bar is then suspended between two metal platforms forming what looks like a bird's perch.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". This arrangement suspends them in such a way as to place their whole weight on the backs of their calves at a considerable mechanical disadvantage, severely straining their muscles, tendons and knees.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". They can shift some of their weight to the tops of their forearms temporarily to relieve the strain on their legs, but this position is also painful for the same reasons, and since arms are weaker than legs, respite is only momentary.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". By alternating between the positions to attempt to reduce their pain, eventually both their arm and leg muscles tire, leaving them in pain that they are unable to relieve. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
This technique is believed to originate from Portuguese slave traders, which used pau de arara as a form of punishment for disobedient slaves. Its use has been more recently widespread by the agents of the political police of the Brazilian military dictatorship against political dissidents in the 1960s and 1970s and is still believedTemplate:As of? to be in use by Brazilian police forces,[2] although outlawed.[3] This torture technique was also used in Auschwitz during World War II, where it was known as the Bogerschaukel (the Boger seesaw) or Boger swing, named after the SS officer who first applied it, Wilhelm Boger.[4][5][6][7]
Brazil's former president Jair Bolsonaro has cited his support for the technique, saying "the pau-de-arara works. I'm in favor of torture, you know that. And the people are in favor as well."[8]
Pau de arara: la violence militaire au Brésil
François Maspero published Pau de arara: la violence militaire au Brésil in France in 1971.[9] The book, which discussed military violence in Brazil, was banned in Brazil during the military dictatorship.[9] It was first published in Brazil in 2013.[9]
References
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