Parthenocissus
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Parthenocissus Template:IPAc-en,[1] is a genus of tendril[2] climbing plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. It contains about 12 species native to the Himalaya, eastern Asia and North America.[3] Several are grown for ornamental use, notably P. henryana, P. quinquefolia and P. tricuspidata.[2]
Etymology
The name derives from the Greek παρθένος (parthenos) "virgin", and κισσός (kissós) (Latinized as "cissus"), "ivy".[1] The reason is variously given as the ability of these creepers to form seeds without pollination[4] or the English name of P. quinquefolia, Virginia creeper, which has become attached to the whole genus.[5]
Fossil record
Among the middle Miocene Sarmatian palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austrian researchers have recognized Parthenocissus fossil pollen. The sediment containing the Parthenocissus fossil pollen had accumulated in a lowland wetland environment with various vegetation units of mixed evergreen/deciduous broadleaved/conifer forests surrounding the wetland basin. Key relatives of the fossil taxa found with Parthenocissus are presently confined to humid warm temperate environments, suggesting a subtropical climate during the middle Miocene in Austria.[6]
Food plants
Parthenocissus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the brown-tail and Gothic.
Species
From Asia
- Three leaved
- Parthenocissus chinensis, this species grows in dry areas between 1300 and 2300 m in China in the west of both Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Parthenocissus heterophylla, from China and Taiwan
- Parthenocissus semicordata, from the Himalaya
- Parthenocissus feddei, this species grows in rocky places between elevations of 600 and 1100 m in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan
- Five leaved
- Parthenocissus henryana, Chinese Virginia creeper from China
- Parthenocissus laetevirens
- One or three leaved
- Parthenocissus dalzielii, from east and south-east Asia
- Parthenocissus suberosa
- Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Japanese creeper or Boston ivy, from eastern Asia
From North America
- Seven or five-leaved
- Parthenocissus heptaphylla, sevenleaf creeper, from Texas and Mexico
- Parthenocissus inserta, thicket creeper, woodbine, or grape woodbine, from western and northern North America
- Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia creeper, from eastern North America
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Ze-Long Nie a.o., "Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic diversification of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) disjunct between Asia and North America", in: American Journal of Botany 97: p. 1342 (2010)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: part III. Magnoliophyta 1 – Magnoliales to Fabales, Friðgeir Grímsson, Barbara Meller, Johannes M. Bouchal & Reinhard Zetter, Grana 2015, Vol 54, No. 2, 85-128.
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".