Paraspecies
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Template:Short description A paraspecies (a paraphyletic species) is a species, living or fossil, that gave rise to one or more daughter species without itself becoming extinct.[1] Geographically widespread species that have given rise to one or more daughter species as peripheral isolates without themselves becoming extinct (i.e. through peripatric speciation) are examples of paraspecies.[2]
Paraspecies are expected from evolutionary theory (Crisp and Chandler, 1996), and are empirical realities in many terrestrial and aquatic taxa.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
Examples
- A well-documented example of a living mammal species that gave rise to another living species is the evolution of the polar bear from the brown bear.[13][14]
- An example of a living reptile paraspecies is New Zealand's North Island tuatara Sphenodon punctatus, which gave rise to the Brothers Island tuatara Sphenodon guntheri.[15] An example of a living bird paraspecies is Empidonax occidentalis, the Cordilleran flycatcher.[16][17]
- An example of a living plant paraspecies is Pouteria cuspidata, the pouteria trees or eggfruits.[18]
See also
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- Cladogenesis
- Anagenesis, also known as "phyletic change", where no branching event occurred (or is known to have occurred)
Notes and references
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- ↑ Ackery, P. R., and R. I. Vane-Wright. 1984. Milkweed Butterflies: Their Cladistics and Biology. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 425 pp.
- ↑ Patton, J. L., and M. F. Smith. 1989. Population structure and the genetic and morphologic divergence among pocket gopher species (Genus Thomomys). Pp. 284-304 in: Speciation and its Consequences (D. Otte and J. A. Endler, eds.). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
- ↑ Bell, M. A., and S. A. Foster. 1994. The Evolutionary Biology of the Threespine Stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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