Parantica
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Parantica, commonly called tigers, is an Old World genus of butterflies in subfamily Danainae of family Nymphalidae. They are found in southeastern Asia, Indonesia, Papua-New Guinea, and the Philippines. Many of these species are endemic to islands and considered endangered, vulnerable, or threatened according to the IUCN Red List.[1] For other butterflies called tigers see the genus Danaus.
Parantica are large, slender, black and light blue or white butterflies. The body appears strikingly small and thin compared to the large wings.
Species
Species in alphabetical order:[1][2]
- Parantica aglea (Stoll, 1782) – glassy (blue) tiger
- Parantica agleoides (C. & R. Felder, 1860) – dark glassy tiger
- Parantica albata (Zinken, 1831) – Zinken's tiger
- Parantica aspasia (Fabricius, 1787) – yellow glassy tiger
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- Parantica cleona (Stoll, 1782)
- Parantica clinias (Grose-Smith, 1890) – New Ireland yellow tiger
- Parantica crowleyi (Jenner Weir, 1894) – Crowley's tiger
- Parantica dabrerai (Miller & Miller, 1978) – D'Abrera's tiger
- Parantica dannatti (Talbot, 1936) – Dannatt's tiger
- Parantica davidi (Schröder, 1976) – David's tiger
- Parantica fuscela (Parsons, 1989)
- Parantica garamantis (Godman & Salvin, 1888) – angled tiger
- Parantica hypowattan (Morishita, 1981) – Morishita's tiger
- Parantica kirbyi (Grose-Smith, 1894) – Kirby's tiger
- Parantica kuekenthali (Pagenstecher, 1896) – Kuekenthal's yellow tiger
- Parantica luzonensis (C. & R. Felder, 1863)
- Parantica marcia (Joicey & Talbot, 1916) – Biak tiger
- Parantica menadensis (Moore, 1883) – Manado tiger
- Parantica melaneus (Cramer, 1775) – chocolate tiger
- Parantica melusine (Grose-Smith, 1894)
- Parantica milagros (Schröder & Treadaway, 1880) – Milagros' tiger
- Parantica nilgiriensis (Moore, 1877) – Nilgiri tiger
- Parantica pedonga (Fujioka, 1970)
File:Closed wing mud puddling activity of Parantica pedonga Fujioka, 1970 - Pedong Tiger male WLB DSC 1903.jpg Parantica pedonga
- Parantica philo (Grose-Smith, 1895) – Sumbawa tiger
- Parantica phyle (C. & R. Felder, 1863) – Felder's tiger
- Parantica pseudomelaneus (Moore, 1883) – Javan tiger
- Parantica pumila (Boisduval, 1859) – least tiger
- Parantica rotundata (Grose-Smith, 1890) – fat tiger
- Parantica schenkii (Koch, 1865)
- Parantica schoenigi (Jumalon, 1971) – Father Schoenig's chocolate
- Parantica sita (Kollar, 1844) – chestnut tiger
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- Parantica sulewattan (Fruhstorfer, 1896) – Bonthain tiger
- Parantica swinhoei (Moore, 1883) – Swinhoe's chocolate tiger
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- Parantica taprobana (C. & R. Felder, 1865) – Ceylon tiger
- Parantica tityoides (Hagen, 1890) – Sumatran chocolate tiger
- Parantica timorica (Grose-Smith, 1887) – Timor yellow tiger
- Parantica toxopei (Nieuwenhuis, 1969) – Toxopeus' yellow tiger
- Parantica vitrina (C. & R. Felder, 1861) – Filipino glassy tiger
- Parantica wegneri (Nieuwenhuis, 1960) – Flores tiger
- Parantica weiskei (Rothschild, 1901) – Weiske's tiger
References
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- ↑ http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/danainae/parantica/index.html Parantica
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