Paramaccan people
Template:Short description Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Paramaccan or Paramaka (French: Pamak[1]) are a Maroon tribe living in the forested interior of Suriname, mainly in the Paramacca resort,[2][3] and the western border area of French Guiana.[1] The Paramaccan signed a peace treaty in 1872 granting the tribe autonomy.
Overview
The administrative centre for the tribe is located in Snesiekondre,[4] but the main village of the resort is Langatabiki which is also the residence of the Script error: No such module "Lang". (paramount chief) of the Paramaccan people.[5] The tribe controls 13 villages in Suriname,Template:Sfn and the village of Providence in neighbouring French Guiana.[6]
The total population in 2014 was estimated at 11,000 people with 4,300 people living in the tribal areas in Suriname, and 1,000 living in the interior of French Guiana.[7]
History
The Paramaccans were runaway slaves from the Handtros or Entros plantation who fled around 1830.Template:Sfn In 1856, the August Kappler reported that the tribe had established villages near the Paramacca Creek.Template:Sfn In 1872, they had signed a peace treaty with the Dutch colony giving the tribe autonomy,Template:Sfn and Frans Kwaku, the leader of the expedition to Paramaribo, was officially appointed granman by the Governor.Template:Sfn In 1879, a group of about 90 Paramaccans led by Apensa created a settlement on an island in the Marowijne River near the mouth of the Paramacca Creek. The town was named Script error: No such module "Lang". (Long Island).[8] During the Surinamese Interior War, the Paramaccans sided with the Jungle Commando,Template:Sfn which resulted in a large migration to French Guiana.[1]
Language
Script error: No such module "anchor". Paramaccan is also the eponymous term for their language, which is English-basedTemplate:Sfn with influences from Dutch, African languages,Template:Sfn and other languages. It is similar to the languages spoken by the Ndyuka and Kwinti, and mutually intelligible with Sranan Tongo.[9] Paramaccan is the youngest of the Surinamese pidgin languages.Template:Sfn The language had an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 speakers in 1991.[10]
Villages
- Langatabiki (Suriname)
- Lokaloka (Suriname)
- Nason (Suriname)
- Providence (French Guiana)
- Snesiekondre (Suriname)
See also
Brother Mambo: Finding Africa in the Amazon, JD Lenoir with Phil Ceder (Kutukutu), Black Rose Writer, 2022.
References
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Bibliography
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Template:Ethnic groups in Suriname Template:Ethnic groups in French GuianaTemplate:Maroons