Paralomis
Template:Pp Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Paralomis is a widely distributed, highly speciose, and morphologically diverse genus of king crabs in the subfamily Lithodinae.[1][2]
Description
Like all king crabs, Paralomis has evolved a crab-like appearance through a process called carcinisation.[2] Paralomis has either a pentagonal or pyriform carapace.[2] At the very front, its rostrum consists of one short, conical spine projecting forward in the middle and one or more pairs of spines angled upward around the base.[2][3] Like all king crabs, the gastric region, directly behind the rostrum, is elevated above the others.[2] Like Lithodes and Neolithodes, the cardiac region – directly behind the gastric region, separated by a deep groove – is triangular.[2] Its three pairs of walking legs – morphologically similar, with the middle pair typically being the longest – are not covered at their bases by the carapace.[2] In adults, the undersides of the dactyli feature horn-like spines.[2] The abdomen is more calcified than in other king crab genera: the second segment is undivided, the third segment has fused submedian and marginal (outer) plates, and segments three, four, and five are all entirely calcified.[2]
Distribution
Paralomis is present in four of Earth's five oceans – namely the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern – as well as all seven continents.[2] They are found from the very shallow intertidal zone to the deep, perpetually dark abyssal zone.[3] The deepest known species of Paralomis is P. bouvieri, which has been discovered living at Script error: No such module "convert"..[2]
Taxonomy
Paralomis was described in 1856 by zoologist Adam White and named for its similarity to the genus Lomis.[4] In 1895, marine biologist James Everard Benedict incorrectly placed Paralomis granulosa, the genus' type species, under the genus Lithodes.[5][2] Benedict therefore dissolved the genus and created two now-defunct ones – Leptolithodes and Pristopus – for other members of Paralomis.[5][2] Paralomis is closely related to Echidnocerus, and the monospecific genus Glyptolithodes – nested cladistically inside Paralomis – may simply be a species of Paralomis.[6][7][8]
Paralomis contains over 70 species – more than any other king crab genus – and is the most morphologically diverse genus in the subfamily Lithodinae.[2][3] It contains one fossil species, Paralomis debodeorum, which lived in New Zealand in the Middle–Late Miocene.[2] Paralomis is distinguished from other king crabs by its abdominal segments: the second is undivided, and the third, fourth, and fifth are entirely calcified.[2] Current scientific consensus is that Paralomis is monophyletic, although within this group, carcinologist Shane T. Ahyong in 2010 identified several informal subgroups of Paralomis.[2] ParalomisTemplate:' relationship to other king crabs can be seen in the following cladogram:[6]
Species
Paralomis contains the following species:[1]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Paralomis aculeata.png | Paralomis aculeata Henderson, 1888Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Southwest Indian Ridge | |
| Paralomis africana Macpherson, 1982Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Namibia | ||
| Paralomis alcockiana Hall & Thatje, 2009Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis alis Ahyong, 2020Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:NMNH-Paralomis anamerae-000001.jpg | Paralomis anamerae Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Argentina, Crozet Island, South Georgia Island | |
| File:Paralomis arae holotype plate dorsal.png | Paralomis arae Macpherson, 2001Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| Paralomis arethusa Macpherson, 1994Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis aspera Faxon, 1893Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:Paralomis birsteini dorsal.jpg | Paralomis birsteini Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Southern Ocean near Scott Island | |
| File:Paralomis bouvieri illustration.png | Paralomis bouvieri Hansen, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| Paralomis ceres Macpherson, 1989Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis chilensis Andrade, 1980Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis cristata Takeda & Ohta, 1979Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis cristulata Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis cubensis Chace, 1939Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis danida Takeda & Bussarawit, 2007Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:Paralomis dawsoni holotype plate.png | Paralomis dawsoni Macpherson, 2001Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | New Caledonia, northern New Zealand, and the Solomon Islands | |
| Paralomis debodeorum Feldmann, 1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". † | New Zealand (Middle–Late Miocene) | ||
| Paralomis diomedeae (Faxon, 1893)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis dofleini Balss, 1911Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis echidna Ahyong, 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis elongata Spiridonov, Turkay, Arntz & Thatje, 2006Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis erinacea Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:Paralomis formosa dorsal MA I526481.jpg | Paralomis formosa Henderson, 1888Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| Paralomis gowlettholmes Ahyong, 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:Paralomis granulosa - Canal Beagle.jpg | Paralomis granulosa (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | False king crab, Chilean snow crab | Chile, Argentina, Falkland Islands |
| Paralomis grossmani Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis haigae Eldredge, 1976Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis hirtella de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, 1997Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Lau Basin, North Fiji Basin | ||
| File:Paralomis hystrix 2.jpg | Paralomis histrix (De Haan, 1849)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Japan (Tokyo Bay to Kyūshū) | |
| Paralomis hystrixoides Sakai, 1980Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis inca Haig, 1974Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:Paralomis indica FMIB 45483 Deceptive Hermit-Crab of the Lithodes Group.jpeg | Paralomis indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| File:Paralomis investigatoris photo-etching dorsal.png | Paralomis investigatoris Alcock & Anderson, 1899Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| Paralomis jamsteci Takeda & Hashimoto, 1990Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis japonica Balss, 1911Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis kyushupalauensis Takeda, 1985Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis longidactylus Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis longipes Faxon, 1893Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis macphersoni Muñoz & García-Isarch, 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis makarovi Hall & Thatje, 2009Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis manningi Williams, Smith & Baco, 2000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Deep-sea spider crab | West Coast of the United States | |
| Paralomis medipacifica Takeda, 1974Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis mendagnai Macpherson, 2003Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis microps Filhol, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:Paralomis multispina dorsal NHMD86925.tif | Paralomis multispina (Benedict, 1895)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| Paralomis nivosa Hall & Thatje, 2009Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis ochthodes Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Indonesia (Gulf of Boni) | ||
| Paralomis odawarai (Sakai, 1980)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis okitoriensis Takeda, 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Okinotorishima | ||
| Paralomis otsuae Wilson, 1990Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis pacifica Sakai, 1978Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis papillata (Benedict, 1895)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis papua Ahyong, 2020Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis pectinata Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis phrixa Macpherson, 1992Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis poorei Ahyong, 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis roeleveldae Kensley, 1981Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis seagranti Eldredge, 1976Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis serrata Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis sonne Guzmán, 2009Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:Paralomis spectabilis illustration.png | Paralomis spectabilis Hansen, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Eastern Greenland, Iceland | |
| File:Paralomis spinosissima dorsal MA I526480.jpg | Paralomis spinosissima Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| Paralomis staplesi Ahyong, 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Tasman Fracture, Tonga–Kermadec Ridge | ||
| Paralomis stella Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis stevensi Ahyong & Dawson, 2006Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis taylorae Ahyong, 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| Paralomis truncatispinosa Takeda & Miyake, 1980Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | East China Sea, Taiwan | ||
| Paralomis tuberipes Macpherson, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Chile (Template:Ill) | ||
| File:Paralomis verrilli.jpg | Paralomis verrilli (Benedict, 1895)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| Paralomis webberi Ahyong, 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | New Zealand | ||
| File:Paralomis zealandica NIWA specimen.jpg | Paralomis zealandica Dawson & Yaldwyn, 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Prickly king crab | New Zealand |
References
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External links
Template:Lithodidae Template:Taxonbar Script error: No such module "Authority control". Template:Portal bar