Panthenol
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| Template:Longitem | 1724945, 1724947 R |
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| MeSH | dexpanthenol |
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| Appearance | Highly viscous, colourless liquid |
| Density | 1.2 g mL−1 (at 20 °C) |
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| log P | −0.989 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 13.033 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 0.964 |
| Template:Longitem | +29° to +30° |
| Template:Longitem | 1.499 |
| Template:Longitem | A11HA30 (WHO) Template:ATC, Template:ATC |
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Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus a provitamin of B5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. It is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. Panthenol is used in pharmaceutical and children's products as a moisturizer and to hasten wound healing.
Adverse effects
Panthenol is generally well tolerated. In rare cases, skin irritation and contact allergies have been reported.[2][3]
Pharmacology
Panthenol readily penetrates into the skin and mucous membranes (including the intestinal mucosa), where it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic.[4] It is also used in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which plays a role in a wide range of enzymatic reactions and in cell growth.[2][3]
Physical and chemical properties
Panthenol is an odourless, slightly bitter, highly viscous, transparent, and colourless liquid at room temperature,[5] but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders that are typically white. It is easily soluble in water and alcohol, moderately soluble in diethyl ether, soluble in chloroform (1:100),[5] in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in glycerin.
Panthenol's expanded chemical formula is HO–CH2–C(CH3)2–CH(OH)–CONH–CH2CH2CH2–OH.
Stereochemistry
Panthenol comes in two enantiomers: D, and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties. For cosmetic use, panthenol comes either in D form, or as a racemic mixture of D and L (DL-panthenol).
References
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