Pan-Arab colors

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Pan-Arab colours)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Protection padlock Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates

File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svg
Flag of the Arab Revolt, associated with pan-Arabism.

The pan-Arab colors are black, white, green and red. Individually, each of the four pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain aspect of the Arab people and their history.[1]

History

File:Flag of Libya (1969–1972, 2-3).svg
Arab Liberation Flag, or Revolutionary flag
(A modern revolutionary flag that spread to the Arab world inspired by the 1952 Egyptian revolution)[2]

The four colors derive their potency from a verse by 14th century Arab poet Safi al-Din al-Hilli: "White are our acts, black our battles, green our fields, and red our swords".[3] The black is the Black Standard, which was used by the Rashidun and Abbasid Caliphate, while white was the dynastic color of the Umayyad Caliphate.[4] Green is a color associated with Islam, the primary religion of Arabs.[5][6] Green is also identified as the color of the Fatimid Caliphate by some modern sources,[4][7] despite their dynastic color having been white.[8][9][10] Finally, red was used as the Hashemite dynastic color.

Pan-Arab colors, used individually in the past, were first combined in 1916 in the flag of the Arab Revolt or Flag of Hejaz.[11] Many current flags are based on Arab Revolt colors, such as the flags of Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and the United Arab Emirates.[12]

In the 1950s, a subset of the Pan-Arab colors, the Arab Liberation colors, came to prominence. These consist of a tricolor of red, white and black bands, with green given less prominence or not included. The Arab Liberation tricolor or the Arab Liberation Flag was mainly inspired by the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and Egypt's official flag under president Mohamed Naguib,[13] which became the basis of the current flags of Egypt, Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen (and formerly in the flags of Syria, the states of North Yemen and South Yemen), and in the short-lived Arab unions of the United Arab Republic and the Federation of Arab Republics.[12]

Flags with Pan-Arab colors

Current National flags

Flags of first-level administrative divisions

Former national flags with the Pan-Arab colors

Flags of Arab political and paramilitary movements using Pan-Arab colors

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans. (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.
  2. ↑ Pan-Arab Colors, crwflags.com
  3. ↑ Muhsin Al-Musawi, Reading Iraq: Culture and Power in Conflict (I. B. Tauris 2006), p. 63
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ I. Friedman, British Pan-Arab Policy, 1915–1922, Transaction Publ., 2011, p. 135
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ M. Naguib, Egypt's Destiny, 1955
  14. ↑ Also used as the flag of Fujairah since 1975
  15. ↑ a b Kingdom of Hejaz 1915–1925, Crwflags.com
  16. ↑ a b c d Historical Flags Overview (Syria), Crwflags.com
  17. ↑ a b Historical Flags (Palestine), Crwflags.com
  18. ↑ a b Historical Flags (Jordan), Crwflags.com
  19. ↑ Kingdom of Iraq (1924–1958), Crwflags.com
  20. ↑ Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq, Crwflags.com
  21. ↑ a b c Evolution of the Iraqi Flag, 1963–2008, Crwflags.com
  22. ↑ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Al-Muntadha al-Adhabi Template:Webarchive, passia.org
  23. ↑ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Jam'yiat al-'Arabiya al-Fatat Template:Webarchive, passia.org
  24. ↑ a b Al-Ahwaz (Khuzestan) Political Organizations (Iran) on crwflags.com
  25. ↑ S. T. Al-Seyed Naama, Brief History of Ahwaz Template:Webarchive, on al-ahwaz.com
  26. ↑ The contrast of white vs. black as the Fatimid/Umayyad vs. Abbasid dynastic color over time developed in white as the color of Shia Islam and black as the color of Sunni Islam: "The proselytes of the ʿAbbasid revolution took full advantage of the eschatological expectations raised by black banners in their campaign to undermine the Umayyad dynasty from within. Even after the ʿAbbasids had triumphed over the Umayyads in 750, they continued to deploy black as their dynastic color; not only the banners but the headdresses and garments of the ʿAbbasid caliphs were black [...] The ubiquitous black created a striking contrast with the banners and dynastic color of the Umayyads, which had been white [...] The Ismaili Shiʿite counter-caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color, creating a visual contrast to the ʿAbbasid enemy [...] white became the Shiʿite color, in deliberate opposition to the black of the ʿAbbasid 'establishment'." Jane Hathaway, A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen, 2012, p. 97f.
  27. ↑ The Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate adopted black for its rāyaʾ for which their partisans were called the Script error: No such module "lang".s. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Template:Arab nationalism Template:Vexillology

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Pan-Arab_colors&oldid=5494312"