Palode
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use Indian English Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator Palode is a town in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala.[1][2] Palode town is Template:Cvt from Thiruvananthapuram city and Template:Cvt from Nedumangad municipality. Thenmala Dam is Template:Cvt from Palode, and the Ponmudi hills are 35 km. Palode is on the Thiruvananthapuram-Thenmala-Shenkottai State Highway 2 (Kerala). Tenkasi is Template:Cvt from Palode.
Palode is surrounded by the Western Ghats and is a gateway for tourism destinations. Places of interest and tourism near Palode include Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute,[3][4] Mankayam Ecotourism,[5] Brimore Tourism, and Lower Meenmutty Hydel Tourism Centre Nanniyode.[6] Brimore[7] is Template:Cvt away and has a tea estate and plantations.
Demographics
Palode's population in 2023 was estimated to be 18,205. It had a population of 14,922 in 2011,[8] with 7,005 males and 7,917 females. Tht total female population was 53.1%. Scheduled Tribe population was 4.2%. Scheduled caste population was 10.1%. The total literacy rate was 84.3% (2011). The working population of Palode was 38.8%.
History
Palode was once a stronghold of the Venad empire, a medieval kingdom that exerted much dominance in the region. However, the onset of the colonial era saw the once-mighty empire splinter into four provinces, namely Chirava, Tripappor, Ilayidam (Kottarakara), and Perakam (also called Nedumangad).
Geography
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Palode is located at 8.7033N 77.0264E. It is Template:Cvt northeast from Thiruvananthapuram city. It is a small hamlet on the foothills of the Western Ghats covered by rubber plantations and forest. Vamanapuram river passes through Palode. The town is surrounded by Peringammala, Nanniyode and Pangode Panchayath.
Transport
Road transport
Palode is well connected to major cities in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Thiruvananthapuram-Thenmala SH-2 passes through Palode. Kerala state road transport corporation has a bus depot in Palode connecting major towns and villages in Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam District. Thiruvananthapuram is Template:Cvt, Kollam is Template:Cvt and Tenkasi is Template:Cvt away. The main places near Palode are Madathara (Template:Cvt), Kallara (Template:Cvt), Vithura (Template:Cvt) and Kulathupuzha (Template:Cvt). Palode can be reached by roads from most parts of Kerala. MC Road (State Highway 1) is connected by Karette-Kallara-Palode bus route.[1]
- Thiruvananthapuram city Template:Cvt
- Nedumangad Template:Cvt
- Kollam Template:Cvt
- Thenmala Template:Cvt
- Tenkasi Template:Cvt
- Madurai Template:Cvt
- Thoothukudi Template:Cvt
- Attingal Template:Cvt
- Punalur 45 km (28 mi)
- Pathanamthitta Template:Cvt
Air transport
The nearest airport is Thiruvananthapuram International Airport (TRV), Template:Cvtaway. Cochin International Airport is Template:Cvtaway.
There is a helipad in Palode.[9]
Rail transport
No railway lines pass through Palode. In phase 3 of the proposed Sabari railway line, there will be a station in Palode. Nearest railway stations near Palode are:
- Thiruvananthapuram Central Railway Station Template:Cvt
- Thenmala railway station Template:Cvt
- Punalur Railway station Template:Cvt
- Chirayinkil Railway Station Template:Cvt
- Varkala Railway Station Template:Cvt
- Kollam railway Station Template:Cvt
Place of worship
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- St George Roman Catholic Latin church
- Assemblies of God Church
- Palode Juma Masjid
- Uma Maheswara Temple Palode
- Sree Dharma Sastha Temple, Pacha
- Madan Thampuran Temple
- CSI Palode Church
- Seventh-day Adventist Church Palode
- Pappanamcode Juma Masjid
- St. Joseph Malankara Catholic Church Palode
Places of interest and tourism
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Mankayam ecotourism
Mankayam is about Template:Cvt northeast of Thiruvananthapuram City, Template:Cvt from Palode on the way to Brimore. Mankayam is a popular eco-tourism spot in Kerala.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". From the hill ranges of Chemunchi the Chittar River flows down through the forest, creating a tributary in the form of the Mankayam River. The picturesque milky cascades are the major tourist attractions at Mankayam. Among the two waterfalls are the Kalakayam and Kurissadi which are among the biggest waterfalls in southern Kerala. The state forest department offers exclusive trekking options.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Brimore tourism
Brimore Marigold Estate is a 900-acre tea, rubber and coffee estate Template:Cvt from Palode established by the British in 1880.
Brimore is one of the best trekking spots in Kerala and lies at a height of Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level. The forest checkpost at Mankayam waterfalls requires a payment of Rs 25 per vehicle. Attractions near Brimore include:
- Ayyappa temple - An old termite mound converted into a granite temple
- Brimore Tea Factory - One of the oldest tea factories in Kerala
- Madame Falls - Template:Cvt inside the Brimore estate
- Ramayana Cave - A stream originates from the cave.
- Seetha waterfalls - Safe for bathing a natural bathtub
- Braemore Estate Bungalow
- Braemore Palace
- Braemore Hills
Lower Meenmutty Hydel Tourism Centre, Nanniyode
The lower Meenmutty Hydel Tourism centre is Template:Cvt from Palode in Meenmutty and is related to Lower Meenmutty dam. The lower Meenmutty Hydel Tourism project is the only project working under KSEB in southern Kerala.
The center is surrounded by forest, on the shores of the Vamanapuram river. Boating is a common activity here.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Another attraction is the garden. Lower Meenmutty Hydel tourism centre has an amusement zone for children, pedal boats and slow boats. There is a small dam in lower Meenmutty Hydel.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Climate
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Palode has a climate that lies on the border between a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) and a tropical monsoon climate (Am). As a result, its only distinct seasons relate to rainfall rather than temperature. The mean maximum temperature is Template:Cvt and the mean minimum temperature is Template:Cvt. The humidity is high and rises to about 75% during the monsoon season. Palode has south-west monsoons and gets its first showers in early June. The city receives heavy rainfall of around Template:Cvt per year. Palode gets rain from the receding north-east monsoons which hit the October. The dry season sets in by December. The lowest temperature recorded in the city core was Template:Cvt on 6 January 1974 and the highest temperature was Template:Cvt on 4 April 2007.
| Climate data, Palode (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.8
(96.4) |
36.3
(97.3) |
37.7
(99.9) |
38.0
(100.4) |
35.8
(96.4) |
35.8
(96.4) |
33.7
(92.7) |
34.0
(93.2) |
35.4
(95.7) |
35.2
(95.4) |
34.3
(93.7) |
35.5
(95.9) |
38.0
(100.4) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 34.4
(93.9) |
34.8
(94.6) |
35.4
(95.7) |
35.1
(95.2) |
34.6
(94.3) |
32.8
(91.0) |
32.1
(89.8) |
32.3
(90.1) |
33.0
(91.4) |
32.8
(91.0) |
33.1
(91.6) |
34.1
(93.4) |
35.9
(96.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 32.4
(90.3) |
32.8
(91.0) |
33.5
(92.3) |
33.3
(91.9) |
32.6
(90.7) |
30.4
(86.7) |
30.1
(86.2) |
30.3
(86.5) |
30.9
(87.6) |
30.9
(87.6) |
31.0
(87.8) |
32.0
(89.6) |
31.7
(89.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.4
(81.3) |
27.8
(82.0) |
28.9
(84.0) |
29.2
(84.6) |
28.9
(84.0) |
27.1
(80.8) |
26.7
(80.1) |
26.9
(80.4) |
27.2
(81.0) |
27.2
(81.0) |
27.1
(80.8) |
27.3
(81.1) |
27.6
(81.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 22.3
(72.1) |
22.9
(73.2) |
24.3
(75.7) |
25.1
(77.2) |
25.1
(77.2) |
23.8
(74.8) |
23.3
(73.9) |
23.4
(74.1) |
23.5
(74.3) |
23.5
(74.3) |
23.2
(73.8) |
22.6
(72.7) |
23.6
(74.5) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 20.2
(68.4) |
20.9
(69.6) |
22.1
(71.8) |
23.0
(73.4) |
22.6
(72.7) |
22.0
(71.6) |
21.7
(71.1) |
21.8
(71.2) |
22.1
(71.8) |
22.1
(71.8) |
21.6
(70.9) |
20.3
(68.5) |
19.7
(67.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 17.8
(64.0) |
18.1
(64.6) |
20.2
(68.4) |
20.3
(68.5) |
20.1
(68.2) |
20.0
(68.0) |
20.2
(68.4) |
18.2
(64.8) |
20.8
(69.4) |
20.1
(68.2) |
18.9
(66.0) |
18.2
(64.8) |
17.8
(64.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 19.9
(0.78) |
23.7
(0.93) |
32.8
(1.29) |
123.0
(4.84) |
191.6
(7.54) |
305.7
(12.04) |
189.4
(7.46) |
135.7
(5.34) |
182.9
(7.20) |
281.2
(11.07) |
216.3
(8.52) |
58.8
(2.31) |
1,761.1
(69.33) |
| Average rainy days | 0.9 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 16.3 | 13.6 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 94.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 64 | 63 | 66 | 73 | 75 | 80 | 79 | 77 | 77 | 80 | 78 | 69 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 260.4 | 248.6 | 254.2 | 201.0 | 192.2 | 129.0 | 136.4 | 164.3 | 180.0 | 173.6 | 165.0 | 217.0 | 2,321.7 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.4 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 6.4 |
| Source 1: India Meteorological Department (sun 1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Tokyo Climate | |||||||||||||
Educational institutions
- Iqbal College[10]
- Allama Iqbal Institute of Management (MBA)[11]
- Crescent Central School, Panangode, Palode
- Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Chettachal[12]
- S.K.V Higher Secondary School, Pacha
- N.S.S Higher Secondary School
- Dr Ambedkar Vidya Niketan CBSE Model School, Njaraneeli[13]
- Government UPS Peringamala
Health care
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Local hospitals and clinics include:
- Govt. Community Health Centre
- Brothers Medical Centre
- White Hospital
- Peringamala Primary Health Center
- Premier Nursing Home
- Arya Hospital
Government institutions
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute
- Kerala State Bharat Scouts and Guides Centre
- Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biological Institute
- Chief Disease Investigation Office
- Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research Center (ICAR)
- Government community Health Centre
- Palode Police Station (Circle)
- Kerala State Road Transportation Corporation Palode
- Palode Forest Range Office.
- Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
- PWD Guest House Palode
- Shanthi Kudeeram government public crematorium
- Tribal employment exchange career development center and model samanwaya center[14]
Economy
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Most of Palode's economy comes from retail. There are small and big retail shops around Palode. Timber and Wood related business, and tourism are other major parts of the local economy.
Palode is predominantly an agriculture-dependent area and most of the people are directly or indirectly involved in agriculture for their livelihood. With the spread of rubber cultivations in the 1970s and 1980s in the eastern regions of Kerala, farmers of Palode quickly moved over from coconut and paddy cultivation to rubber, attracted by its high return on investment. In the 1990s, a lot of village youth traveled to the Middle East countries in search of jobs. Now, many adults from the village are working abroad and, therefore, remittance is also a good source of income. The flow of remittance has resulted in an increase in the number of concrete buildings, replacing the old thatched and tiled houses.
Palode Mela
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The Palode Mela started as a livestock fair named "Kaala Chantha" in 1962, and transformed into a Grameen Mela held for 10 days. It is now the national fest of south Kerala, celebrated in February. More than 50,000 people visit the mela per every year. When the period of cattle rolled the economic position of society, before the time of globalisation and economic liberation, the farmers started this mela as a trade fair.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
References
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External links
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