Pahlavi dynasty

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Protection banner". Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Pahlavi dynasty (Template:Langx) was an Iranian royal dynasty that was the last to rule Iran before the country's monarchy was overthrown by the Iranian Revolution in 1979. It was founded in 1925 by Reza Shah Pahlavi, a non-aristocratic Iranian soldier of Mazanderani origin,[1] who took on the name of the Pahlavi scripts of the Middle Persian language from the Sasanian Empire of pre-Islamic Iran.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The dynasty largely espoused this form of Iranian nationalism rooted in the pre-Islamic era (notably based on the Achaemenid Empire) during its time in power, especially under its last king Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.[2][3][4][5]

The dynasty replaced the Qajar dynasty in 1925 after the 1921 coup d'état, beginning on 14 January 1921 when 42-year-old soldier Reza Khan was promoted by British General Edmund Ironside to lead the British-run Persian Cossack Brigade.[6] About a month later, under British direction, Reza Khan's 3,000–4,000 strong detachment of the Cossack Brigade reached Tehran.[7][8] The rest of the country was taken by 1923, and by October 1925 the Majlis agreed to depose and formally exile Ahmad Shah Qajar. The Majlis declared Reza Pahlavi as the Shah of Iran on 12 December 1925, pursuant to the Persian Constitution of 1906.[9] Initially, Pahlavi had planned to declare the country a republic, as his contemporary Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had done in Turkey, but he abandoned the idea in the face of British and clerical opposition.[10]

The dynasty ruled Iran as an Autocratic monarchy, with a brief pluralistic period from 1941 to 1953, when Mohammed Mossadegh was overthrown, returning to authoritarianism, with a brief one party state period until the dynasty was removed from power in 1979.

Family background

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In 1878, Reza Khan was born at the village of Alasht in Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province. His parents were Abbas Ali Khan and Noushafarin Ayromlou.[11][7] His mother was a Muslim immigrant from Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire)[12][13] whose family had emigrated to mainland Qajar Iran after Iran was forced to cede all of its territories in the Caucasus following the Russo-Persian Wars several decades prior to Reza's birth.[14] His father was a Mazandarani, commissioned in the 7th Savadkuh Regiment, and served in the Anglo-Persian War in 1856.

Pahlavi monarchs, regents, and heads of the house

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   – In pretence
Number Picture Name Title Family relations Lifespan Reigned from/ Assumed title Reigned until/ Relinquished title Reign durationTemplate:Efn
I Reza Shah ShahScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Reza Pahlavi 		King (Shah) — 1878–1944
(aged Script error: No such module "age".) 		15 December 1925 16 September 1941
(abdicated) 		15 years
II Mohammad Reza Shah ShahScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 		King (Shah) Son of Reza Pahlavi 1919–1980
(aged Script error: No such module "age".) 		16 September 1941 11 February 1979
(deposed) 		37 years
27 July 1980
(died)
— File:Shahbanu of Iran (3x4 cropped).jpg ShahbanuScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Farah Pahlavi
(Template:Nee) 		Regent Third wife and widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1938–current
(age Script error: No such module "age".) 		27 July 1980
 31 October 1980
(regency expired) 		—
III Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Crown PrinceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Reza PahlaviTemplate:Efn 		Head of the House of Pahlavi Son of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Farah Pahlavi 1960–current
(age Script error: No such module "age".) 		31 October 1980
 Incumbent —
File:The Imperial Coat of Arms of Iran.svg Pahlavi dynasty 1878–current
(aged Script error: No such module "age".) 		15 December 1925 11 February 1979 53 years

Template:Notelist

Reign of Pahlavi monarchs and tenure of later pretenders; and their lifespan[15][16]

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DateFormat = yyyy Define $start = 1870 Define $end = Script error: No such module "math".

ImageSize = width:$width height:$height PlotArea = right:150 left:15 bottom:80 top:0 Period = from:$start till:$end TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Alignbars = justify Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:1

Colors = 

    id:bg              value:white
    id:lightline       value:rgb(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
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    id:LIFESPAN        value:rgb(0,1,0) Legend: Lifespan
    id:REIGN           value:rgb(1, 0, 0) Legend: Reign
    id:PRETENDER       value:rgb(0.5, 0, 0) Legend: Pretender 
    id:POTENTIALP      value:rgb(1, 0.75, 0.8) Legend: Potential_Pretender 
    id:NAME            value:rgb(0, 0, 1)

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 bar:1 
   width:18
   color:LIFESPAN align:left fontsize:M anchor:till
   from:1878 till:1944 shift:(10,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Reza Shah
   width:10
   color:REIGN
   from:1925 till:1941
 bar:2 
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   width:10
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   from:1941 till:1979
   width:10
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   from:1979 till:1980
 bar:3 
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   from:1960 till:2026 shift:(10,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Reza Pahlavi
   width:10
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   from:1980 till:2026  
   </timeline>

Consorts

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   – In pretence
Number Picture Name Father Lifespan Marriage Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse
I File:Taj ol-Molouk - queen of Persia (3x4 cropped).jpg Tadj ol-Molouk Teymūr Khan Ayromlou 1896–1982 1916 15 December 1925 16 September 1941

(husband abdicated)

Reza Pahlavi
II File:Esmat Dowlatshahi (3x4 cropped).jpg Esmat Dowlatshahi Gholam Ali Mirza Dowlatshahi 1905–1995 1923
III File:Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt by Armand (3x4 cropped).jpg Princess Fawzia of Egypt Fuad I of Egypt 1921–2013 1939 16 September 1941 17 November 1948

(divorced)

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
IV File:Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari-045 (3x4 cropped).jpg Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary Khalil Esfandiary-Bakhtiary 1932–2001 12 February 1951 15 March 1958

(divorced)

V File:Shahbanu of Iran (3x4 cropped).jpg Farah Diba Sohrab Diba 1938–current 21 December 1959
(as queen consort) 		11 February 1979
(husband was deposed)
26 October 1967
(as empress consort) 		27 July 1980
(widowed)
Office vacant from 27 July 1980 to 12 June 1986
VI File:MG-1587 (3x4 cropped).jpg Yasmine Etemad-Amini Abdullah Etemad-Amini 1968–current 12 June 1986 Incumbent Reza Pahlavi
File:Portrait of H.I.M. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.jpg
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi 1960s

Heirs

File:Prince Alireza Pahlavi.jpg
Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi, the heir presumptive until his death in 1954

The 1906 constitution of Iran specifically provided that only a male who was not descended from the Qajar dynasty could become the heir apparent.[17] This made all half-brothers of Mohammad Reza ineligible to become heirs to the throne.[17] Until his death in 1954, the Shah's only full brother Ali Reza was his heir presumptive.[17] The constitution also required the Shah to be of Iranian descent, meaning that his father and mother are Iranian.[18]

Line of succession in February 1979

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Current line of succession

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List of crown princes

Name Portrait Relationship to monarch Became heir Ceased to be heir; reason
Office vacant from 15 December 1925 to 24 April 1926
1 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Shah Eldest son 25 April 1926[19] 16 September 1941

(Became king)

Office vacant from 16 September 1941 to 26 October 1967
2 Reza Pahlavi II Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Eldest son 1 November 1960 (proclaimed)[19]

26 October 1967 (designated)[19]

11 February 1979

(Father deposed)

Royal jewels

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Monuments

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Use of titles

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  • Shâh: Emperor, followed by Shâhanshâh of Iran, with style His Imperial Majesty
  • Shahbânu: Shahbânu or Empress, followed by first name, followed by "of Iran", with style Her Imperial Majesty
  • Valiahd: Crown Prince of Iran, with style His Imperial Highness
  • Younger sons: Prince (Shâhpūr, or King's Son), followed by first name and surname (Pahlavi), and style His Imperial Highness.
  • Daughters: Princess (Shâhdokht, or King's Daughter), followed by first name and surname (Pahlavi), and style Her Imperial Highness.
  • Children of the monarch's daughter/s use another version of Prince (Vâlâ Gohar, "of superior essence") or Princess (Vâlâ Gohari), which indicate descent in the second generation through the female line, and use the styles His Highness or Her Highness. This is then followed by first name and father's surname, whether he was royal or a commoner. However, the children by the last Shah's sister Fatemeh, who married an American businessman as her first husband, are surnamed Pahlavi Hillyer and do not use any titles.

See also

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Template:Sister project

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Brysac, Shareen Blair. "A Very British Coup: How Reza Shah Won and Lost His Throne." World Policy Journal 24, no. 2 (2007): 90–103. Accessed 8 August 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40210096
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Homa Katouzian. "State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis" I.B.Tauris, 2006. Template:ISBN p 269
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ * Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

— Royal house —
Pahlavi dynasty
Founding year: 1925
Deposition: 1979
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Ruling house of Iran
15 December 1925 – 11 February 1979 Template:S-ttl/check 		Vacant

Template:Pahlavi dynasty Script error: No such module "Navbox with collapsible groups". Template:People executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran Template:Authority control

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