Pacoh language
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The Pacoh language is a member of the Katuic language group, a part of the Eastern [1] Mon–Khmer linguistic branch. Most Pacoh speakers live in central Laos and central Vietnam.[1] Pacoh is undergoing substantial change, influenced by the Vietnamese.[2]
Alternative names are Paco, Pokoh, Bo River Van Kieu. Its dialects are Pahi (Ba-Hi). They are officially classified by the Vietnamese government as Ta'Oi (Tà Ôi) people.
Phonology
Vowels (Sidwell 2003):
Pacoh has six vowel qualities, all of which occur long and short, in modal and creaky voice. Creaky vowels are lowered compared to modally voiced vowels. There are three diphthongs which also occur modal and creaky. Unlike other languages in the area, vowel phonation does not seem to have originated in the phonation of preceding consonants.
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High modal | i iː | ɨ ɨː | u uː |
| Low modal | e eː | ə əː | o oː |
| High creaky | ḛ ḛː | ə̰ ə̰ː | o̰ o̰ː |
| Low creaky | ɛ̰ ɛ̰ː | a̰ a̰ː | ɔ̰ ɔ̰ː |
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modal | iə | ɨə | uə |
| Creaky | ḛa | ə̰a | o̰a |
Grammar
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| General | kɨ: | ɲaŋ | dɔ: | ʔmmaj | ʔiɲa: | ʔaɲa: | hɛ: | ʔipɛ: | ʔapɛ: |
| Genitive | ʔɳkɨ: | ʔɲɲaŋ | ʔndɔ: | ʔmmaj | ʔndɔ:-ʔiɲa: | ʔndɔ:-ʔaɲa: | ʔŋhɛ: | ʔndɔ:-ʔipɛ: | ʔndɔ:-ʔapɛ: |
| Dative | ʔakɨ: | ʔaɲaŋ | ʔadɔ: | ʔamaj | ʔadɔ:-ʔiɲa: | ʔadɔ:-ʔaɲa: | ʔahɛ: | ʔadɔ:-ʔipɛ: | ʔadɔ:-ʔapɛ: |
Pacoh is an analytic SVO language with six parts of speech—including verbs, nouns, prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions, and sentence particles, all variably depend on each other in syntactic relationship, and five important grammatical cases—nominative, accusative, dative, locative, predicative. There are no markers for the nominative and accusative cases, and word order is relied on to distinguish them instead.
The predicative case marks a noun dependent on noun, usually common nouns, extension relator nouns, and demonstrative nouns.
References
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Further reading
- Alves, M. J. (2006). "A grammar of Pacoh: a Mon–Khmer language of the central highlands of Vietnam". Pacific linguistics, 580. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Australian National University. Template:ISBN
- Watson, Richard L. (1964). "Pacoh Phonemes". Mon-Khmer Studies.
External links
- Alves, Mark J. 2007. Pacoh Pronouns and Grammaticalization Clines.
- A grammar of Pacoh: A Mon–Khmer language of the central highlands of Vietnam
- The language has these sounds
- Pacoh-English-Vietnamese dictionary by SIL International
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