Packhorse bridge

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Template:Short description

File:The bridge at the back of Shugborough Hall - geograph.org.uk - 82324.jpg
Essex Bridge, a packhorse bridge across the River Trent
File:PAlmofrei.jpg
Medieval packhorse bridge crossing the Almofrei at Cotobade, Galicia

A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream. Typically a packhorse bridge consists of one or more narrow (one horse wide) masonry arches, and has low parapets so as not to interfere with the panniers borne by the horses.[1] Multi-arched examples sometimes have triangular cutwaters that are extended upward to form pedestrian refuges.[2]Template:Rp

Packhorse bridges were often built on the trade routes (often called packhorse routes) that formed major transport arteries across Europe and Great Britain until the coming of the turnpike roads and canals in the 18th century.[1] Before the road-building efforts of Napoleon, all crossings of the Alps were on packhorse trails.[3] Travellers' carriages were dismantled and transported over the mountain passes by ponies and mule trains.

Definition

In the British Isles at least, the definition of a packhorse bridge is somewhat nebulous. Ernest Hinchliffe discusses the difficulty of defining a true packhorse bridge in A Guide to the Packhorse Bridges of England.[2] He claims that "before the eighteenth century bridges were described as 'horse bridges' or 'cart bridges'" and his strict definition excludes the latter. He suggests that a classic packhorse bridge should generally be:

  • less than Script error: No such module "convert". in width;
  • built before 1800;
  • on a recognised packhorse route.

He categorises the 190 English bridges listed in his book into three groups:

  • Group 1: Script error: No such module "convert". wide or less, built before 1800 and with known packhorse associations;
  • Group 2: bridges that fail one or other of the above criteria, but which are generally referred to as packhorse bridges;
  • Group 3: bridges sometimes claimed as packhorse bridges, but dismissed as such by the author.[2]Template:Rp

The difficulty of classification is illustrated by Moulton Bridge in Suffolk, which Hinchliffe places in Group 1 but which English Heritage describes as "perhaps not strictly a packhorse bridge since it was wide enough to take carts".[4]

List of packhorse bridges in the British Isles

The following list includes all listed buildings described as packhorse bridges by English Heritage, Cadw, or Historic Scotland; all 106 of Hinchliffe's Group 1 bridges in England; and certain other candidates. (For England, Hinchliffe's Group numbers are given as superscripts after the bridge name.)

England

County Location NameGroup Photograph Crosses Notes
Bedfordshire Sutton
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Sutton Packhorse Bridge1
File:Suttonbridge 1431.jpg
Potton Brook Medieval with later repairs; two pointed arches. Grade II* listed,[5] Scheduled monument.[6]
Cheshire Crowton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Bridge over Acton Brook, Crowton.JPG
Acton Brook Single segmental arch. Carries public bridleway.
Cheshire Hockenhull Platts
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Roman Bridges1
File:Roman Bridge.jpg
River Gowy Three bridges, "probably late 18th-century"[7] or "late 17th-century".[8] Grade II listed.[7][9] The three bridges carry a public byway.
Cheshire Quarry Bank Mill, Styal
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
The Packhorse Bridge
File:Packhorse Bridge at Quarry Bank Mill - geograph.org.uk - 734147.jpg
River Bollin 1820, single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[10] Carries a public byway.
Cheshire/Derbyshire Three Shire Heads
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Three Shire Heads Bridge2
File:Three Shire.jpg
River Dane Probably late 18th-century; single span. Grade II listed.[11] Carries public byway.
Cornwall Bowithick
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Bowithick Bridge
File:BowithickBridgeBodminMoorCornwallFromGeograph.jpg
Penpont Water Probably early 19th-century; three stone arches, one larger and two small. Grade II listed.[12]
Cornwall Launceston
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
West Bridge (Prior's Bridge)
File:Prior's Bridge and the River Kensey - geograph.org.uk - 323493.jpg
River Kensey Late medieval; five-span bridge with two cut-waters. Grade I listed.[13]
Cumbria Ambleside
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
High Sweden Bridge1
File:High Sweden Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1187444.jpg
Scandale Beck Late 17th-century; single-span. Grade II listed.[14]< Carries public footpath.
Cumbria Barbon
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
High Beckfoot Bridge1
File:Ford at Beckfoot Farm (geograph 4251848).jpg
Barbon Beck Probably late 17th- or 18th-century; described as "ruinous" in 1725.[8] Single-span. Grade II listed.[15] Carries public bridleway.
Cumbria Dean
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Calva Hall packhorse bridge1
File:Packhorse bridge at Calva Hall - geograph.org.uk - 2778915.jpg
River Marron Dated 1697;[2]Template:Rp single-span. Grade II listed.[16]
Cumbria Drigg
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Drigg Holme Packhorse Bridge1
File:Drigg Holme Packhorse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 3070747.jpg
River Irt Single-span. Scheduled monument.[17] Carries public bridleway.
Cumbria Eskdale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Doctor[s] Bridge2
File:Doctor Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 10550.jpg
River Esk Probably 17th-century, widened in 1734. Grade II listed.[18] Carries public road.
Cumbria Gaisgill
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Barugh Bridge1
File:Rais Beck Packhorse Bridge - panoramio.jpg
Rais Gill Probably 18th-century, but maybe earlier. Grade II listed.[19] Carries public byway.
Cumbria Knock
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Swindale Beck Possibly 17th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[20]
Cumbria Little Langdale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Slater[s] Bridge1
File:Slater Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1563250.jpg
River Brathay 17th-century; two clapper slabs and a single arch. Grade II* listed.[21] Carries public footpath.
Cumbria Lowgill
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Lowgill Packhorse Bridge
File:Packhorse and road bridges, Lowgill.jpg
Lowgill Beck Probably 17th- or 18th-century; single-span. Grade II listed.[22]
Cumbria Pennington
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Devil's Bridge1
File:Devil's Bridge (geograph 7105573).jpg
Rathmoss Beck 17th- or 18th-century; single-span. Grade II listed.[23] Alongside public road.
Cumbria Sca Fell
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Lingcove or Throstlegarth Bridge1
File:Sheep crossing Lingcove Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 493840.jpg
Lingcove Beck Single arch. On Open Access land.
Cumbria Seathwaite, Allerdale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Stockley Bridge2
File:Stockley Bridge, Seathwaite.jpg
Grains Gill Early- or mid-18th-century; single span. Grade II listed.[24] Carries public bridleway.
Cumbria Shap
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Parish Crag Bridge1
File:Parish Crag Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 121509.jpg
Swindale Beck Probably 18th-century; single span. Grade II listed.[25] Carries public footpath.
Cumbria Shap
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Park Bridge2
File:Park Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 270509.jpg
Haweswater Beck 1860–69; single span.[26] Carries public footpath.
Cumbria Stainton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Packhorse bridge at Stainton.jpg
Stainton Beck Probably 17th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[27] Adjacent to ford.
Cumbria Ullock
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Old and the new - geograph.org.uk - 571939.jpg
Black Beck Single span.[2]Template:Rp
Cumbria Wasdale Head
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Row Bridge1
File:Row Bridge at Wasdale Head.jpg
Mosedale Beck Probably 18th-century; single span. Grade II listed.[28][29]
Cumbria Watendlath
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Watendlath Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge Watendlath.JPG
Watendlath Beck 18th-century; single span. Grade II listed.[30][31] Carries public bridleway.
Cumbria Wilton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Monk's Bridge1
File:Monks Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 161722.jpg
River Calder Probably 17th- or 18th-century; single span. Also known as High Wath Bridge, Mattie Benn's Bridge, Hannah Benn Bridge and Roman Bridge.[2]Template:Rp Grade II listed.[32][33]
Cumbria Winster
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Old Pack Horse Bridge in Winster.jpg
tributary of River Winster Probably 17th-century. Grade II listed.[34] Adjacent to A5074 road.
Cumbria Winster
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Winster Bridge1
File:Winster Bridge.jpg
River Winster 1729 with 20th-century parapet; single span. Grade II listed.[35]
Derbyshire Ashford-in-the-Water
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Sheepwash Bridge2
File:Ashford Bridge.jpg
River Wye 18th-century; three low arches, with integral walled sheep pen on southern bank. Grade II* listed,[36] Scheduled monument.
Derbyshire Bakewell
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Holme Bridge1
File:River Wye and pack horse bridge - geograph.org.uk - 29091.jpg
River Wye 1664; five segmental arches. Grade I listed,[37] Scheduled monument.[38] Carries public bridleway.
Derbyshire Edale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Gibraltar Bridge1
File:Gibraltar Bridge, Edale - geograph.org.uk - 495431.jpg
Grindsbrook 18th-century; single span. Grade II listed.[39] Carries public footpath.
Derbyshire Edale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Youngate or Jacob's Ladder Bridge1
File:Packhorse bridge below Jacob's Ladder - geograph.org.uk - 267644.jpg
River Noe Possibly 17th-century; single span. Grade II listed.[40] Carries public bridleway (part of the Pennine Way).
Derbyshire nr Errwood Hall
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Goyts Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge, Goytsclough - geograph.org.uk - 1223011.jpg
River Goyt Moved to current position in 1968 from Goyt's Bridge hamlet. In open access land.
Derbyshire Hayfield
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Bowden Bridge1
File:Bowden Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 48637.jpg
River Kinder Probably 18th-century; single-span. Grade II listed.[41] Carries public footpath.
Derbyshire/Staffordshire Hollinsclough
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Hopping Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse bridge - geograph.org.uk - 598943.jpg
River Dove Single semicircular arch.[2]Template:Rp Carries public bridleway.
Derbyshire/Staffordshire Hollinsclough
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Washgate Bridge1
File:Washgate Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 111631.jpg
River Dove Early 18th-century; single-span. Grade II listed, "A rare example of a perfectly preserved packhorse bridge."[42] Carries public byway.
Derbyshire/South Yorkshire Howden Reservoir
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Slippery Stones Bridge2
File:Slippery Stones Pack Horse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 364629.jpg
River Derwent 1672; two segmental arches. Rebuilt 1959 after relocation from Derwent village. Grade II listed,[43] Scheduled monument.[44] Carries public bridleway.
Derbyshire Lea Hall
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Bradbourne Brook 17th-century or earlier; single pointed arch. Formerly Grade II listed, now delisted.[45] On private land.
Derbyshire/South Yorkshire Longdendale
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Ladyshaw Bridge
File:Lady Shaw Bridge, Longdendale, Derbyshire.JPG
Salter's Brook 17th-century; single-span. Carries public byway, part of the Trans-Pennine Trail.
Derbyshire/Staffordshire Milldale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Viator's Bridge1
File:Viators Bridge, Milldale 206415 deb07465.jpg
River Dove 17th-century or earlier; two segmental arches. Grade II listed.[46] Carries public footpath. Mentioned in The Compleat Angler (1653) by Izaak Walton.
Derbyshire Youlgreave
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Bradford Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse bridge in Derbyshire.jpg
River Bradford 18th-century, single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[47] Carries public bridleway.
Derbyshire Youlgreave
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Coalpit Bridge1
File:Coalpit Bridge over River Lathkill.jpg
River Lathkill Mid-18th-century; three segmental arches. Grade II listed.[48] Carries public bridleway.
Devon Brendon
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Packhorse Bridge
File:Packhorse bridge at Brendon - geograph.org.uk - 1306363.jpg
East Lyn River Probably 17th- or 18th-century; single round arch. Grade II listed.[49]
Devon Drewsteignton
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Fingle Bridge
File:Fingle Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1403306.jpg
River Teign 17th-century Grade II* listed three-arch granite bridge carrying unclassified road with pedestrian refuges over cutwaters.[50]
Devon Membury
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Beckford Bridge1
File:Beckford Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 427130.jpg
River Yarty 18th- or 19th-century; single-span. Grade II listed,[51] Scheduled monument.[52]
Devon Sidford
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Sidford Bridge1
File:Bridge over the River Sid, Sidford, Devon - geograph.org.uk - 1235977.jpg
River Sid Said to be 12th-century. Grade II listed. Parapets of original packhorse bridge incorporated into widened road bridge of 1930 carrying A3052 road.[53]
Devon Westcott Barton, Marwood
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Knowl Water Probably 18th- or early 19th-century. Grade II listed.[54] Carries public footpath.
Dorset near Corfe Castle
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Sharford Bridge1
File:Sharford Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 269633.jpg
Corfe River Scheduled monument.[55] Carries public bridleway.
Dorset Fifehead Neville
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Fifehead Neville Packhorse Bridge1
File:Fifehead Neville, pack-horse bridge - geograph.org.uk - 505294.jpg
River Divelish Probably medieval. Grade II listed; two triangular pointed arches.[56][57] Carries footpath alongside ford on public road.
Dorset Gussage St Michael
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge
File:Bridge over the "stream" at Ryall's Lodge - geograph.org.uk - 276736.jpg
River Allen Probably 18th-century; single semicircular arch. Grade II listed.[58] Carries public footpath.
Dorset Holwell
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1 Caundle Brook Probably medieval, with 19th- and 20th-century alterations. Grade II listed.[59] Carries public bridleway.
Dorset Rampisham
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:The centre of Rampisham - geograph.org.uk - 1215223.jpg
River Frome 16th- or 17th-century alterations; three pointed arches. Grade II listed.[60] Carries public bridleway.
Dorset Sturminster Marshall
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Bridges at Sturminster Marshall.jpg
River Winterborne 17th-century; single cambered arch. Grade II listed.[61] Carries public bridleway.
Dorset Tarrant Monkton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Pack horse bridge over the River Tarrant - geograph.org.uk - 451298.jpg
River Tarrant Probably 17th-century; 3 segmental arches. Grade II listed.[62] Alongside ford on public road.
Durham Bowes
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Nabb Bridge1
File:Nabb Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1256271.jpg
Deepdale Beck 1699 per datestone (contra English Heritage listing, which says "Mid C18"); single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[63]
Durham Brafferton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Ketton Packhorse Bridge1
File:Ketton Packhorse Bridge. - geograph.org.uk - 161090.jpg
River Skerne Late 17th- or early 18th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[64]
Durham Cornsay
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Pan Burn Possibly early 18th-century; single wide segmental arch. Grade II listed.[65] On private land.
Durham Egglestone Abbey
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Bow Bridge1
File:Bow Bridge, Thorsgill Beck - geograph.org.uk - 2482556.jpg
Thorsgill Beck 17th-century; single round arch.[2]Template:Rp Grade II listed.[66]
Durham Headlam
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Bridge over Headlam Beck. - geograph.org.uk - 148180.jpg
Headlam or Dyance Beck Probably 18th-century; single round arch. Grade II listed.[67]
Durham West Hope
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
West Hope Packhorse Bridge1 Hill or Waitgill Beck Single segmental arch.[2]Template:Rp
Essex Feering
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Roman Arches River Blackwater c.1750; seven brick arches. Under restoration.[68]
Gloucestershire Slad
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Bridge of Dillay Brook - geograph.org.uk - 962348.jpg
Dillay Brook Carries public footpath.
Gloucestershire/Warwickshire Todenham
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Crossing Knee Brook (2) - geograph.org.uk - 1619854.jpg
Knee Brook Possibly 16th-century in origin, rebuilt 18th century; two semicircular arches. Grade II listed.[69] Carries public bridleway.
Gloucestershire Wickwar
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Sturt Bridge1
File:Sturt Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 102063.jpg
Little Avon River Also known as Roman Arch. Probably late medieval or 16th-/17th-century; two arches. Grade II listed.[70] Carries public footpath.
Greater Manchester Prestolee
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Prestolee Bridge1
File:Pack horse bridge stoneclough.jpg
River Irwell Late 18th-century; five semicircular arches with cutwaters. Grade II listed.[71]
Greater Manchester Strines
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Roman Bridge1
File:Roman Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1347216.jpg
River Goyt 18th-century; single segmental span. Grade II listed.[72][73] Carries public bridleway.
Greater Manchester Uppermill
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Packhorse Bridge, Uppermill 2.jpg
Diggle Brook "Medieval". Adjacent to Oldham & Ripponden Trust Turnpike bridge (1864)[74] and Brownhill Bridge Mill, which is Grade II listed.[75]
Kent Eynsford
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Eynsford Bridge
File:Eynsford ford.jpg
River Darent 17th-century, two round arches. Grade II listed.[76]
Lancashire Barrowford
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Higherford Old Bridge2
File:Packhorse Bridge Barrowford - geograph.org.uk - 1842452.jpg
Pendle Water 16th/17th-century, parapets added 1814–15; single span. Grade II* listed,[77] Scheduled monument.[78]
Lancashire Bleasdale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Brooks Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge, Brooks, Bleasdale - geograph.org.uk - 1088956.jpg
River Brock Single-span. Listed per Hinchliffe,[2]Template:Rp but not in English Heritage listings.
Lancashire Catlow Bottoms
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Catlow Bottoms - geograph.org.uk - 699410.jpg
Catlow Brook "Perhaps C17"; single semicircular arch. Grade II listed.[79]
Lancashire Capernwray
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Capernwray bridges - geograph 1696131.jpg
River Keer Date uncertain; single semi-elliptical arch. Grade II listed.[80]
Lancashire Clitheroe
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Old Bridge, Lower Hodder; Cromwell's Bridge
File:Cromwell's Bridge ruins, River Hodder, Lancashire.jpg
River Hodder c. 1562; three segmental arches, the middle arch being wider. Grade II* listed,[81][82] Scheduled monument.[83]
Lancashire Sawley
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Swanside Bridge
File:Swanside Bridge over Smithies Brook (1736392).jpg
Smithies Brook 17th-century or earlier; single high segmental arch. Grade II listed.[84] Carries public footpath.
Lancashire Wycoller
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Wycoller Packhorse Bridge1
File:The packhorse bridge over Wycoller Beck - geograph.org.uk - 1733217.jpg
Wycoller Beck 17th-century or perhaps earlier; two segmental arches. Grade II* listed,[85] Scheduled monument.[86] Carries a public footpath.
Leicestershire Anstey
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Anstey Bridge1
File:Packhorse bridge - geograph.org.uk - 631446.jpg
Rothley Brook Also known as The Old Bridge. Dated by W.G.Hoskins as c. 1500, by Jervoise as late 17th-century, and by English Heritage as 16th/17th-century;[2]Template:Rp five arches. Grade II* listed,[87] Scheduled monument.[88] Carries public footpath.
Leicestershire Anstey
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
King William's Bridge3
File:King William's bridge - geograph.org.uk - 631449.jpg
Rothley Brook Probably 17th-century; two round arches. Grade II listed.[89] Carries public bridleway.
Leicestershire Aylestone
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Aylestone Old Bridge1
File:Aylestone Packhorse Bridge detail.jpg
River Soar Also known as the Roman Bridge. Probably 15th-century; eleven small arches (eight on bridge, three on causeway). Grade II* listed,[90] Scheduled monument.[91]
Leicestershire Medbourne
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Medbourne - geograph.org.uk - 104697.jpg
Medbourne Brook Possibly 13th-century; four arches. Scheduled monument.[92]
Leicestershire Rearsby
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Seven Arch Bridge1
File:Packhorse bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1020125.jpg
Rearsby Brook Pevsner says medieval, but datestone says 1714; seven semicircular arches, one almost buried. Grade II listed.[93]
Leicestershire Thurcaston
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Coffin Bridge1
File:Coffin bridge - geograph.org.uk - 631470.jpg
Rothley Brook Three similar bridges between Thurcaston and Cropston: Sandham Bridge (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) and Coffin Bridge (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".), both with two arches, and a third, single-span, bridge at Script error: No such module "Coordinates".. All three are 16th- or 17th-century and separately Grade II listed.[94][95][96]
Lincolnshire Utterby
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Utterby Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge, Utterby.jpg
14th-century; double chamfered cambered arch. Grade II* listed.[97]
Lincolnshire West Rasen
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Bishop's Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 153075.jpg
River Rase 15th-century; three segmental arches. Grade II* listed,[98] Scheduled monument.[99]
Norfolk Walsingham
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 574930.jpg
River Stiffkey Original date unknown, probably reconstructed late 19th century; four small arches. Grade II listed.[100] In grounds of Walsingham Abbey.
Northamptonshire Charwelton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Charwelton Bridge1
File:Charwelton High Street - geograph.org.uk - 924038.jpg
River Cherwell Probably 15th-century; two pointed arches. Grade II listed,[101] Scheduled monument.[102] Carries roadside pavement.
Northumberland Ovingham
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Ovingham Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 2143530.jpg
Whittle Burn 18th-century per English Heritage (Hinchliffe says 1698[2]Template:Rp); two segmental arches. Grade II listed.[103]
North Yorkshire Aldbrough St John
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Footbridge in Aldbrough St John - geograph.org.uk - 1621537.jpg
Aldbrough Beck Possibly 16th- or 17th-century; three segmental pointed arches. Grade II listed.[104] Carries public footpath.
North Yorkshire Birstwith
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
New Bridge1
File:New Bridge Birstwith - geograph.org.uk - 136311.jpg
River Nidd Also known as Haxby Bridge. 1822; single-span. Grade II listed.[105] Carries public right-of-way.
North Yorkshire Boltby
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Gurtof Beck and Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 2098421.jpg
Gurtof Beck Single semicircular arch.[2]Template:Rp
North Yorkshire Clapham
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Brokken Bridge1
File:Bridge, Clapham - geograph.org.uk - 766329.jpg
Clapham Beck Probably 18th-century; single segmental arch.[106] Carries public footpath.
North Yorkshire Croft-on-Tees
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Clow Beck Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge Over Clow Beck - geograph.org.uk - 45074.jpg
Clow Beck Possibly 15th-century; two segmental arches on differing alignments. Grade II listed.[107] Carries public bridleway.
North Yorkshire Danby
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Duck Bridge1
File:Duck Bridge between Danby and Houlsyke - geograph.org.uk - 19331.jpg
River Esk Ancient stone bridge over the River Esk, about 1 km North from Danby Castle.
North Yorkshire Glaisdale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Beggars Bridge2
File:"Beggars Bridge" Glaisdale. - geograph.org.uk - 149.jpg
River Esk 1619; single segmental arch. Grade II* listed.[108] Carries public footpath.
North Yorkshire Hampsthwaite
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Cockhill Packhorse Bridge1
File:Old bridge in Hampsthwaite.jpg
Cockhill Beck Probably 17th-century; single small semicircular arch. Grade II listed.[109]
North Yorkshire Hubberholme
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Crook Gill Bridge1
File:Footbridge over Crook GIll - geograph.org.uk - 1171460.jpg
Crook Gill Single segmental arch.[2]Template:Rp
North Yorkshire Ivelet
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Ivelet Bridge2
File:Ivelet Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 460111.jpg
River Swale Late 16th-century; single semicircular arch. Grade II* listed.[110]
North Yorkshire Knox nr Harrogate
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Knox or Spruisty Bridge1
File:Spruisty Bridge, Knox - geograph.org.uk - 2887853.jpg
Oak Beck 17th- or 18th-century; single slightly pointed arch. Grade II listed.[111]
North Yorkshire Linton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Redmayne Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge, Linton - geograph.org.uk - 58948.jpg
Linton or Eller Beck Late 17th- or early 18th-century; single shallow arch with additional flood arch. Grade II listed.[112] Carries public byway alongside ford.
North Yorkshire Norwood
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Dob Park Bridge1
File:Dob Park Bridge, Norwood - geograph.org.uk - 106511.jpg
River Washburn Probably early 17th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[113] Carries public byway.
North Yorkshire Pickering
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Ings Bridge1
File:Ings Bridge near Pickering.jpg
Pickering Beck Probably early 19th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[114] Adjacent to public road.
North Yorkshire Ravenseat, Swaledale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Ravenseat Bridge1
File:RavenseatBridgeSwaledale.jpg
Whitsundale Beck 18th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[115] Carries farm access.
North Yorkshire Romanby
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Packhorse Bridge1
File:Pack Horse Bridge, Romanby - geograph.org.uk - 21611.jpg
Willow Beck 16th-century, repaired 1621; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[116] Carries public footpath.
North Yorkshire Skipton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Skipton packhorse bridge
File:Old packhorse bridge off Short Bank Road, Skipton (geograph 6139483).jpg
Wilderness Beck Probably 17th-century; single arch. Grade II listed.[117] Carries public footpath.
North Yorkshire Sowerby
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Town End Bridge1
File:World's End Bridge, Sowerby - geograph.org.uk - 76693.jpg
Cod Beck Also known as World's End Bridge. 1672; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[118] Carries public footpath.
North Yorkshire Spofforth
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge
File:Packhorse Bridge, Spofforth Mill - geograph.org.uk - 1612458.jpg
River Crimple 18th-century; single arch. Grade II listed.[119]
North Yorkshire Stokesley
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Taylorson's Bridge1
File:Small bridge over the River Leven at Stokesley.jpg
River Leven 17th- or early 18th-century; single round arch. Grade II listed.[120]
North Yorkshire Thornthwaite
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Thornthwaite Packhorse Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge at Thornthwaite - geograph.org.uk - 678184.jpg
Fall or Padside or Darley Beck Single segmental span. Scheduled monument.[121]
North Yorkshire Westerdale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Hunter's Sty (Stee) Bridge2
File:Hunter's Stee - geograph.org.uk - 84103.jpg
River Esk 13th-century, restored 1874; single round span. Scheduled monument.[122] Carries public footpath.
North Yorkshire Yockenthwaite
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Yockenthwaite Bridge2
File:Yockenthwaite Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 556918.jpg
River Wharfe Probably early 18th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[123]
Nottinghamshire Ratcliffe-on-Soar
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Red Hill Lock Bridge
File:Red Hill lock - geograph.org.uk - 687348.jpg
River Soar
(Loughborough Navigation)
Late 18th- or early 19th-century; single semicircular brick arch. Grade II listed.[124] Although described as such in the official listing, this canal bridge is not a packhorse bridge by most accepted definitions.
Shropshire Clun
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Clun Bridge
File:ClunBridge2c.jpg
River Clun Probably 16th-century; five segmental arches. Grade II listed.[125] Carries A488 road.
Shropshire Rushbury
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Rushbury Packhorse Bridge1
File:Rushbury packhorse bridge.jpg
Eaton Brook 17th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[126] Carries public bridleway.
Somerset Allerford
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Allerford Bridge1
File:Allerford bridge.jpg
River Aller Medieval; two segmental-headed arches. Grade II* listed,[127] Scheduled monument.[128] Adjoins public road through ford.
Somerset Bruton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Bow Bridge, Plox1
File:Bow Bridge Bruton.jpg
River Brue Possibly 15th-century; single-span. Grade I listed,[129] Scheduled monument.[130]
Somerset Charterhouse
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Footbridges at Charterhouse - geograph.org.uk - 1236425.jpg
17th- or 18th-century; single low segmental arch. Grade II listed.[131]
Somerset Chew Stoke
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge3
File:The Ford at Chew Stoke - geograph.org.uk - 1179744.jpg
Strode Brook Two round arches.
Somerset Chewton Keynsham
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Chewton Packhorse Bridge
File:Bridge over River Chew, near Chewton Keynsham.jpg
River Chew Early 18th-century; two segmental arches. Grade II listed,[132] Scheduled monument.[133] Carries public byway.
Somerset Dowlish Wake
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Dowlish Wake Packhorse Bridge
File:Dowlish Wake - Packhorse Bridge.jpg
Dowlish Brook 17th- or 18th-century rebuild of medieval bridge; four round arches (two inserted 1994–97 for flood relief purposes).[134] Grade II listed.[135] Carries public footpath alongside road.
Somerset Dunster
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Gallox Bridge1
File:Gallox Bridge.jpg
River Avill Possibly 15th-century; two round arches. Grade I listed,[136] Scheduled monument. Carries public bridleway.
Somerset Ilchester
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Pill Bridge1
File:Pill Bridge Ilchester geograph 1914242.jpg
River Ivel 17th-century; three semicircular arches. Grade II listed,[137] Scheduled monument.[138] Carries public bridleway.
Somerset Horner
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Hacketty Way Bridge1
File:Horner packhorse bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1237893.jpg
River Horner Late medieval; single-span. Grade II* listed,[139] Scheduled monument.[140] Carries public bridleway.
Somerset West Luccombe
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
West Luccombe packhorse bridge
File:West Luccombe packhorse bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1237872.jpg
River Horner Late medieval; single-span. Grade II* listed,[141] Scheduled monument.[142] Carries public footpath.
Somerset Oare
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Malmsmead Bridge
File:Badgworthy Water Malmsmead.jpg
Badgworthy Water 17th–18th-century; two rounded arches. Grade II listed.[143] Carries public road.
Somerset Oare
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Robber's Bridge
File:Robber's Bridge, Exmoor, Somerset.jpg
Weir Water Carries public road.
Somerset Queen Camel
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:The bridge on Blackwell Lane (geograph 7306797).jpg
River Cam Carries public footpath.
Somerset Rode
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Scutt's Bridge1
File:Scutt's Bridge, near Rode, Somerset - geograph.org.uk - 1108934.jpg
River Frome Three semicircular arches. Grade II listed.[144] Carries public footpath.
Somerset Tellisford
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Tellisford Bridge2
File:Tellisford Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1004152.jpg
River Frome Three semicircular arches. Grade II listed.[145] Carries public footpath.
Somerset Watchet
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Kentsford Bridge1
File:Kentsford Farm.jpg
Washford River Probably late medieval; two segmental arches. Grade II listed.[146] Carries public footpath.
Somerset Wellow
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Wellow Bridge
File:Image Wellowbridge.jpg
Wellow Brook Late medieval; two round arches. Grade II listed.[147] Carries public footpath.
Somerset Winsford
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Lyncombe Bridge
File:Lyncombe Bridge near Exford (geograph 6424946).jpg
River Exe 17th- or 18th-century, possibly earlier. Grade II listed.[148]
Somerset Winsford
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Old Vicarage Bridge1
File:Bridges of Winsford - geograph.org.uk - 455270.jpg
River Exe Medieval, restored 1952; two semicircular arches. Grade II listed.[149] Carries public footpath, just upstream of 19th-century road bridge (also called Vicarage Bridge).
Somerset Winsford
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Stone footbridge, Winsford.jpg
Winn Brook Medieval, restored 1952; single semicircular arch. Grade II listed.[150]
South Yorkshire Longshaw
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Burbage Brook Bridge1
File:Bridge, Hathersage Moor, Derbyshire.jpg
Burbage Brook c. 1750; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[151] On open access moorland, near to Carl Wark.
South Yorkshire Oxspring
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Willow Bridge1
File:The Willow Bridge.jpg
River Don Probably 17th-century; single slightly pointed arch. Grade II listed.[152] On public bridleway, part of the Trans-Pennine Trail.
South Yorkshire Rivelin Valley
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Footbridge reflected in River Rivelin.jpg
River Rivelin c. 1775; single elliptical arch. Grade II listed.[153] In Country Park.
South Yorkshire Wharncliffe Side
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Glen Howe Packhorse Bridge2
File:Packhorse Bridge in Glen Howe Park.jpg
Tinker Brook Formerly New Mill Bridge. 1734; single elliptical arch. Grade II listed.[154] In public park; resited during construction of Ewden Reservoir.
Staffordshire Great Haywood
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Essex Bridge1
File:Essex Bridge.jpg
River Trent Probably 16th-century; fourteen round arches. Described as "perhaps the least altered old bridge in the county"[155] and "the longest packhorse bridge in the country".[2]Template:Rp Grade I listed,[155] Scheduled monument.[156] Carries public bridleway.
Staffordshire Tamworth
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
The Old Bolebridge River Anker No longer extant; demolished c.1878–79.[157]
Staffordshire Wetton, Staffordshire
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Wetton or Wettonmill Bridge
File:Wettonmill bridge (geograph 1999259).jpg
River Manifold Early 19th-century; four semicircular arches with triangular section buttresses. Described as a packhorse bridge by English Heritage,[158] though perhaps more accurately a cart bridge. Carries public byway.
Suffolk Cavenham
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Stone Bridge2
File:Old bridge in Cavenham.jpg
tributary of River Lark Probably 16th-century; single segmental brick arch. Grade II listed.[159] Adjacent to public road.
Suffolk Moulton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Moulton Packhorse Bridge1
File:Moulton bridge.jpg
River Kennett ca. 1446[160] with 18th-century alterations;[4] four pointed arches. Grade II* listed,[161] Scheduled monument.[162] Carries public footpath.
Surrey Ewell
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
The Packhorse Bridge
File:Packhorse Bridge, Ewell Court Park.jpg
Hogsmill River 18th-century; single semicircular brick arch. Grade II listed.[163]
Surrey Gomshall
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Gomshall - Footbridge (geograph 5267299).jpg
River Tillingbourne 15th-century; three arches. Grade II listed.[164]
Warwickshire Shustoke
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Blyth Hall Packhorse Bridge
File:Blyth Hall packhorse bridge (geograph 5671514).jpg
River Blythe 18th-century; three semicircular arches. Grade II listed.[165]
West Midlands Hampton-in-Arden
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Hampton in Arden packhorse bridge2
File:The old Packhorse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 50348.jpg
River Blythe 15th-century; three stone and two brick arches. Grade II* listed,[166] Scheduled monument.[167]
West Yorkshire Bingley
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Beckfoot Bridge1
File:Bingley Beckfoot Bridge 1.jpg
Harden Beck c.1723; single-span. Grade II listed.[168] Carries public footpath.
West Yorkshire Clayton West
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Park Mill Bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge, Clayton West - geograph.org.uk - 38977.jpg
River Dearne Probably 18th-century; single-span. Grade II listed.[169] Carries public right-of-way.
West Yorkshire Colden
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Strines Bridge1
File:Strines Bridge.JPG
Colden Water Possibly 17th-century; single segmental arch. Grade II listed.[170] Carries public footpath; contra Hinchliffe, the English Heritage listing calls it a "fine graceful example of the packhorse type of bridge, but which having steps was probably only ever used as a foot-bridge...."[171]
West Yorkshire Goose Eye
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Bridges old and ... older - geograph.org.uk - 778808.jpg
Dean Beck Date unknown; single arch. Grade II listed.[172] Adjacent to clapper bridge; carries public bridleway.
West Yorkshire Haworth
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Long Bridge1
File:Long Bridge, Nr Haworth - geograph.org.uk - 33523.jpg
River Worth Date uncertain; single-span. Grade II listed.[173] Carries public footpath.
West Yorkshire Hebden Bridge
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
The Old Bridge2
File:Pack Horse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 708938.jpg
Hebden Water Also known as Hepton Brig.[2]Template:Rp c.1510; three segmental arches. Grade II* listed.[174] Carries public right-of-way.
West Yorkshire Loxley
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Packhorse Bridge, Croft House, Sheffield.JPG
River Loxley Probably 18th-century, restored 1864. Grade II listed.[175]
West Yorkshire Marsden
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Close Gate Bridge1
File:Close Gate Bridge. - geograph.org.uk - 145486.jpg
Haigh Clough 17th- or 18th-century; single-span. Grade II* listed.[176]
West Yorkshire Marsden
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Mellor Bridge1
File:A footbridge over the River Colne, Marsden - geograph.org.uk - 2146287.jpg
River Colne 17th- or 18th-century; single-span. Grade II* listed.[177] Carries public footpath.
West Yorkshire Meanwood
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Packhorse bridge over Meanwood Beck.jpg
Meanwood Beck Early 18th-century. Grade II listed, "a rare survival of a pack-horse bridge sited within a suburban setting".[178]
West Yorkshire Oxenhope
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
North Ives or Donkey Bridge1
File:Bridges on Marsh Lane, north of Oxenhope.jpg
Bridgehouse Beck Date uncertain; single steeply arched span. Grade II listed.[179] Carries public footpath.
West Yorkshire Rishworth Moor
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Oxygrains Old Bridge2
File:Oxygrains Old Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1177906.jpg
Oxygrains Clough Probably early 17th-century;[180] single-span. Scheduled monument.[181] On Access Land.
West Yorkshire Script error: No such module "anchor".Ripponden
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Waterloo or Ripponden Old Bridge2
File:The Old Bridge Inn, Ripponden - geograph.org.uk - 52152.jpg
River Ryburn 1752;[182] single-span. Grade II* listed,[183] Scheduled monument.[184] Public road.
West Yorkshire Stanbury
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Lumbfoot Bridge1
File:Footbridge at Lumb Foot.jpg
River Worth Date uncertain; single-span. Grade II listed.[185] Carries public footpath.
West Yorkshire Wakefield
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Little Bridge1
File:Pack Horse Bridge by Wakefield Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 283977.jpg
River Calder Probably 18th-century; three elliptical arches. Grade II listed.[186]
West Yorkshire Wadsworth
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Lumb Bridge1
File:Lumb Bridge, Crimsworth Dean - geograph.org.uk - 1083218.jpg
Crimsworth Dean Beck Probably early 18th-century; single-span. Grade II listed.[187] Carries public bridleway.
Wiltshire Coombe Bissett
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge2
File:Packhorse bridge, Coombe Bissett - geograph.org.uk - 1715829.jpg
River Ebble Medieval, widened in the 19th century; three low two-centred arches. Grade II listed.[188] Carries public footpath.
Wiltshire Melksham
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
packhorse bridge1
File:Packhorse Bridge, Whaddon, Wiltshire.jpg
River Avon 1725; four segmental arches. Grade II listed.[189] Carries public footpath.
Worcestershire Astley
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
New Bridge
File:Bridge in Newbridge Coppice (geograph 7343435).jpg
Dick Brook Late 18th- or early 19th-century, possibly earlier, single arch. Grade II listed.[190] Carries public bridleway.
Worcestershire Shell
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Shell Packhorse Bridge1
File:Pedestrian Bridge by Shell Ford - geograph.org.uk - 84206.jpg
Bow Brook 17th-century or earlier, two round arches. Grade II listed.[191] Adjacent to ford on public road.

Isle of Man

County Location Name Photograph Crosses Notes
Isle of Man Ballasalla
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Crossag or Monks' Bridge
File:Monks Bridge.jpg
Silver Burn c. 1350; two slightly pointed arches. "It is believed to be the best example of [a] medieval bridge in the British Isles."[192]

Scotland

County Location Name Photograph Crosses Notes
Borders Stow of Wedale
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Stow Old Bridge
File:Pack Horse Bridge, Stow.jpg
Gala Water 1655; three segmental arches. Grade B listed.[193]
Highland Carrbridge
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Carrbridge Packhorse Bridge
File:The Old Bridge, Carrbridge - geograph.org.uk - 1510138.jpg
River Dulnain 1717; slender arch. Category B listed.[194][195]
Fife Coaltown of Balgonie
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Barrel Brig
File:New Bridge over the River Ore (geograph 6340167).jpg
River Ore, Fife Early 18th century; double-span with cutwaters. Grade B listed, Scheduled monument.[196][197]
Highland John o' Groats
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:A pack-horse bridge over John o'Groats mill stream - geograph.org.uk - 480145.jpg
Huna Burn 1651; single-span. Grade B listed.[198]
South Lanarkshire East Kilbride
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Craig Mill Packhorse Bridge White Cart Water Single-span. Grade B listed.[199]

Wales

County Location Name Photograph Crosses Notes
Blaenau Gwent Aberbeeg
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Aberbeeg Packhorse Bridge
File:Grade II listed 17th century stone arched bridge, Aberbeeg (geograph 5222071).jpg
Ebbw Fach River Grade II listed.[200]
Conwy Penmachno
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Roman Bridge
File:Roman Bridge near Penmachno - geograph.org.uk - 224910.jpg
River Machno Grade II listed.[201]
Flintshire Caergwrle
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Caergwrle Packhorse Bridge
File:Caergwrle's Packhorse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 377523.jpg
River Alyn Mid-17th-century; "one of the finest examples in Wales".[202] Grade II listed.[203]
Flintshire Ffrith
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Ffrith Bridge
File:Ffrith Packhorse Bridge.JPG
River Cegidog Probably 18th-century; single-span. Grade II listed, Scheduled monument.[204]
Gwynedd Dyffryn Ardudwy
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Pont Scethin
File:Pont Scethin - geograph.org.uk - 58162.jpg
Afon Ysgethin Probably 18th-century; single arch. Scheduled monument.[205]
Gwynedd Minllyn
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Pont Minllyn
File:Pont Minllyn, Afon Dyfi - geograph.org.uk - 73508.jpg
River Dovey Probably 17th-century; two segmental arches. Grade II listed,[206] Scheduled monument.[207]
Powys Llangenny
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Bridge over the Grwyne Fawr near Llangenny.jpg
Grwyne Fawr Grade II listed.[208]
Swansea Cheriton
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Kittlehill Packhorse Bridge
File:Kittlehill - geograph.org.uk - 873498.jpg
Burry Pill Grade II listed.[209]

Template:Sister project

References

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  29. Template:National Heritage List for England
  30. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. Template:National Heritage List for England
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  33. Template:National Heritage List for England
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  193. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".