Pacific Games
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The Pacific Games (French: Jeux du Pacifique), is a continental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from Oceania. The inaugural Games took place in 1963 in Suva, Fiji, and most recently in 2023 in Honiara, Solomon Islands. The Games were called the South Pacific Games from 1963 to 2007. The Pacific Games Council (PGC) organises the Games and oversees the host city's preparations. Athletes with a disability are included as full members of their national teams. In each sporting event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third place.
Ten cities in seven countries and territories have hosted the Pacific Games. Four countries have hosted the games three times: Fiji (1963, 1979, 2003), New Caledonia (1966, 1987, 2011), Papua New Guinea (1969, 1991, 2015) and Samoa (1983, 2007, 2019). French Polynesia, who hosted in 1971 and 1995, will become the fifth country to host the Games for the third time in 2027. The United States territory of Guam have hosted the Games twice in 1975 and 1999. The Solomon Islands hosted the event for the first time in 2023.
Only six countries have attended every edition of the Pacific Games: Fiji, French Polynesia (Tahiti), New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, and Vanuatu. New Caledonia have dominated fourteen out of the seventeen Pacific Games, Papua New Guinea with two, and Fiji with one.
History
Concept
The idea of holding the South Pacific Games originated with Dr A.H. Sahu Khan who was one of Fiji's representatives at a meeting of the South Pacific Commission held at Rabaul during 1959. The idea was adopted and led to a meeting of nine Territories, held in Nouméa during March 1961, which awarded Fiji the honour of hosting the very first Games.[1]
Creation
During 1962, the South Pacific Commission founded the South Pacific Games Council, with the first ever Games being held at Suva, Fiji. In the 40 years since, Games have been held in 12 countries and territories within the region. Initially the Games were held at three-year intervals although this was subsequently expanded to four following the Tumon Games in Guam.
As a residual consequence of the European colonisation of the Pacific from the early part of the 18th Century onwards, many nations who participated in the first Games (of 1963) were under predominantly British or French territorial rule. Understandably this generated a certain amount of confusion as both British and French flags and national anthems dominated proceedings and were occasionally used together for winning countries.
Western Samoa (now Samoa) was the only country with a flag and anthem of its sovereignty as it was the only participating independent island nation at that time. As time went on, fledgling nations gradually achieving sovereignty of their own sought to extricate themselves from their colonial past and new national anthems and flags emerged. Nevertheless, English and French remain the official languages of the Games.Template:Sfn
Like other sporting events, the South Pacific Games has experienced slight controversies. A minor dispute that still continues today is the scheduling of events landing on a Sunday. Throughout the Pacific, the Christian Sabbath remains very important (sporting events or similar activity are illegal in Tonga for example) and scheduling at such a time would be frowned upon. The events themselves have also been affected by religious sensitivities, notably beach volleyball where the official uniform of bikinis for women has been forced to give way to more conservative attire.[2] However other larger nations within the region or those loosely associated with more secular states (e.g. Cook Islands (New Zealand), American Samoa (United States), and French Polynesia (France)) are more moderate in this regard.
Other global and regional events have also influenced and shaped the Games' history. In 1995, the year Papeete, Tahiti hosted the Games, many countries took the decision to boycott as a direct protest at French nuclear testing in the Pacific.[3] The Games, however, returned to near full regional participation in the following event in 1999, held on Guam.
The first objective of the Pacific Games Council, according to its Charter,Template:Sfn is
"To create bonds of kindred friendship and brotherhood amongst people of the countries of the Pacific region through sporting exchange without any distinctions as to race, religion or politics."
The Games were initiated to promote and develop sport amongst the nations and peoples of the South Pacific.[1] After fifty years in existence, The South Pacific Commission changed its name to the Pacific Community.[1]
Modern day games
The XII South Pacific Games held in Suva, Fiji saw for the first time the introduction of a full program of 32 sports.[4] That program included sports that are synonymous with the Pacific region as well as sports that have a limited participation and are generally not well established.
A strong corporate sponsorship package a first for the games enabled the organizers to work with a free hand towards their aims of making the games a success. A colorful and effective media and publicity campaign generated much interest and enthusiasm among the public in Fiji. Schools and youth groups were involved in interactive programs such as the adopt-a-country program also a first for the games.[5]
The XIII Pacific Games were hosted in Apia, Samoa. They were the 13th to have been held since 1963. In contrast to the Olympic Games which are expected to generate income for the host nation,[6] the 2007 Pacific Games were expected to leave Samoa US$92million in debt, predominantly as a result of expenditure on large-scale infrastructure projects such as bridges and roads.[7]
Potential debt positions notwithstanding, five nations (Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Tonga and American Samoa) bid for the 2015 Pacific Games. The Games were ultimately awarded to Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea and follow the 2011 Pacific Games held in Nouméa, New Caledonia. However the rising cost (purportedly in excess of $1 billion) and the logistical burden of putting on the games continue to threaten countries' abilities to host the event.[8]
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The games governing body is the Pacific Games Council. The Games council flag is presented to the host nation of the next games at the end of every games. With expansion and economic growth in the Pacific and Oceania countries of the Pacific Islands, the South Pacific Games Council decided to modernise and revise its charter in light of these changes in the region and the changing place of Sport in our society, thus the council adapted a new charter in 2007.
The current President of the Council is Vidhya Lakhan from Fiji.
Member associations
Membership of the Council includes internationally recognised National Multisport Organisations within countries and territories who are members of the Pacific Community.Template:Sfn There are currently 22 members, 15 of which are members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).[9] The Pitcairn Islands are the only Pacific Community member that is not a member of the Pacific Games Council, whereas Norfolk Island was admitted as a member of the Council despite not being a member of the Pacific Community.
In July 2014, the Oceania National Olympic Committees voted to allow Australia and New Zealand to take part in the 2015 Pacific Games. The risk of seeing the two wealthy, populous developed nations dominate the competition had previously prevented their inclusion. They were allowed to send participants only in rugby sevens, sailing, taekwondo and weightlifting — sports where other Pacific countries had proved sufficiently competitive against them in the past.[10] New Zealand was allowed to compete in the 2019 men's football competition with an U-23 team, which won the gold medal.[11] Australia and New Zealand have since continued to compete on an invitational basis.
In 2018, the Council created an "associate membership" category for other territories in Oceania.[12] Potential candidates for membership include Bougainville, Easter Island, Western New Guinea, Hawaii and Christmas Island.[13]
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Editions
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Editions
| Year | Edition | Host city | Host Association | Opened by | Sports | Events | Teams | Start date | End date | Competitors | Top Association | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Suva | Template:Flagicon Fiji | Sir Kenneth Maddocks | 10 | 58 | 13 | 29 Aug. | 8 Sep. | 646 | Template:Flagicon Fiji | |
| 1966 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Nouméa | Template:Flagicon New Caledonia | Unknown | 12 | 86 | 14 | 8 Dec. | 18 Dec. | 1200 | Template:Flagicon New Caledonia | |
| 1969 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Port Moresby | Template:Flagicon Papua New Guinea | Prince Edward | 15 | 95 | 12 | 13 Aug. | 23 Aug. | 1150 | Template:Flagicon New Caledonia | |
| 1971 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Papeete | Template:Flagicon Tahiti | Pierre Messmer | 17 | 117 | 14 | 25 Aug. | 5 Sep. | 2000 | Template:Flagicon New Caledonia | |
| 1975 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Tamuning | Script error: No such module "flag". | Ricardo Bordallo | 16 | 119 | 13 | 1 Aug. | 10 Aug. | 1205 | Template:Flagicon New Caledonia | |
| 1979 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Suva | Script error: No such module "flag". | Unknown | 18 | 129 | 19 | 28 Aug. | 8 Sep. | 2672 | Template:Flagicon New Caledonia | |
| 1983 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Apia | Template:Flagicon Western Samoa | Malietoa Tanumafili II | 15 | 97 | 13 | 5 Sep. | 16 Sep. | 2500 | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | |
| 1987 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Nouméa | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | Unknown | 18 | 159 | 12 | 8 Dec. | 20 Dec. | 1650 | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | |
| 1991 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Port Moresby | Script error: No such module "flag". | Prince Andrew | 17 | 164 | 16 | 7 Sep. | 21 Sep. | 2000 | Script error: No such module "flag". | |
| 1995 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Papeete | Template:Flagicon Tahiti | Unknown | 25 | 253 | 12 | 25 Aug. | 5 Sep. | 2000 | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | |
| 1999 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Santa Rita | Script error: No such module "flag". | Unknown | 22 | 233 | 21 | 29 May | 12 Jun. | 3000+ | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | |
| 2003 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Suva | Script error: No such module "flag". | Josefa Iloilo | 32 | 309 | 22 | 28 Jun. | 12 Jul. | 5000 | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | |
| 2007 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Apia | Script error: No such module "flag". | Tufuga Efi | 33 | 305 | 22 | 25 Aug. | 8 Sep. | 5000 | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | |
| 2011 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Nouméa | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | Nicolas Sarkozy | 27 | 305 | 22 | 27 Aug. | 10 Sep. | 4300 | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | |
| 2015 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Port Moresby | Script error: No such module "flag". | Prince Andrew | 28 | 300 | 24 | 4 Jul. | 18 Jul. | 3700 | Script error: No such module "flag". | |
| 2019 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Apia | Script error: No such module "flag". | Va'aletoa Sualauvi II | 26 | 322 | 24 | 7 Jul. | 20 Jul. | 3500 | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | |
| 2023 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Honiara | Script error: No such module "flag". | Manasseh Sogavare | 24 | 342 | 24 | 19 Nov. | 2 Dec. | 5000 | File:New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia | [14] |
| 2027 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Pirae | Script error: No such module "flag". | TBA | 24 | TBD | 24 | 24 Jul. | 8 Aug. | TBD | ||
| 2031 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Nuku'alofa | Script error: No such module "flag". | TBA | 24 | TBD | 24 | TBD | ||||
Sports
There are 37 sports approved by the Pacific Games Council, as at December 2017.Template:Sfn In accordance with the Pacific Games Charter, a maximum 24 sports shall be contested at every games starting from the 2023 games and onwards.[15]
Core sports
The number of Pacific Games core sports is 17, effective for the 2023 Games. The core sports are required to be included at every edition of the games.[15] Sailing and Triathlon were made core sports in 2016,[15] and Archery was added in 2021.[16]
Details for each core sport, up to and including the 2023 games, are presented in the table below:
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Optional sports
There are 20 optional sports could be chosen for inclusion at a games, as selected by the host city organising committee. Details for each optional sport, up to and including the 2023 games, are presented in the table below:
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Former sports
Former sports include rugby 15s (replaced by rugby 7s) and underwater fishing (last contested in 1999).
| Sport (discipline) | Contested | Years | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rugby union | File:Rugby pictogram.svg | 9 times | 1963–1971, 1979–1995 | |
| Underwater fishing | File:Spearfishing pictogram.svg | 4 times | 1971–1975, 1995–1999 | |
Also included at the 2009 Pacific Mini Games was rugby league 7s (now replaced by rugby league 9s).
Notes:
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^a The 3x3 format was added as an extra discipline for basketball in 2019 after being included at the Mini Games in 2017.
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^b Volleyball and beach volleyball disciplines have been listed as one sport for the purposes of the Games program since some time after the bids for the XV Games (in conjunction with the maximum number of sports being reduced from 28 to 26 for the XVI Games).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^c Netball is a women's competition only.
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^d Touch rugby is an optional sport but men's, women's and mixed tournaments must be included if touch rugby is selected.All-time medal table
Officially, the final medal tally of the Games does not recognize a winner, regarding competition and fair play more highly.[5]
*Note : Nation(s) in italics no longer participate at the Pacific Games.
- Updated after the 2023 Pacific Games.
See also
- African Games
- Asian Games
- European Games
- Pan American Games
- The Pacific Community
- Pacific Mini Games
- Olympic Games
- Youth Olympic Games
- Commonwealth Games
- Commonwealth Youth Games
- Micronesian Games
- Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
- Jeux de la Francophonie
References
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- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Bikinis out, Shorts in at Beach Volleyball Template:Webarchive Pacific Radio News - Niue FM, 29 August 2007
- ↑ French tests: Opposition grows Template:Webarchive, article summarising the response to French nuclear testing in the Pacific from World Information Service on Energy Template:Webarchive retrieved 19 February 2007
- ↑ Sidsnet.org Template:Webarchive
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Sources
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External links
- List of South Pacific Games and Mini Games on www.rsssf.com by Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Archive
Template:Pacific Games Template:Multi-sport events Template:Association of National Olympic Committees