PSA-Renault X-Type engine

Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox automobile engine The PSA X engine is a family of internal combustion engines used in Citroën, Peugeot, Talbot and Renault automobiles. The X family was mainly used in superminis and the entry-level models of midsize vehicles. It was designed and manufactured by the company "Française de Mécanique", a joint venture created by Peugeot (as predecessor to Groupe PSA) and Renault in 1969, and built in Douvrin in northern France. It is commonly called the "Suitcase" engine, the "Douvrin" nickname being commonly used for the bigger 2.0–2.2-liter J-Type engine, which was also built in Douvrin.

The X design was introduced in 1972 with the Peugeot 104. It was an all-aluminium alloy SOHC inline-four design with two valves per cylinder driven by a chain, using petrol as fuel. It was applied transversely in front wheel drive vehicles only, tilted by an almost horizontal attitude of 72 degrees. The integral transmission is mounted on the rear side of the crankcase (thus appearing to be underneath the power unit when it is mounted in the vehicle), and is driven by transfer gears which give a distinctive "whine" — a trait shared with the BMC A-Series engine, which uses a similar construction. Displacement ranged between Template:Cvt. The side mounting of the transmission onto the crankcase is what gives rise to the nickname "suitcase engine", as the transmission and engine assemblies resemble two halves of a suitcase when they are split for disassembly.

The X was used until 1990 in PSA vehicles — Renault discontinued the unit in 1982 when it reverted to its own Cléon-Fonte engine powerplants when the R14 was replaced by the R9/R11. It was replaced in PSA vehicles by the more modern belt driven camshaft TU which was introduced in 1986 in the Citroën AX. The TU engine was fitted with the now conventional end-on gearbox with separate lubrication. The TU engine is an evolution of the X engine.

Engine types (Française de Mécanique)	108	109 — 121	129 — 145		150
Designation PSA	XV	XW	XZ	XL	XY
Designation Renault			X5G(*) — X6G(*)		X5J — X6J(*)
Displacement	954 cc	1124 cc	1218 cc	1288 cc	1360 cc
Bore (mm)	70	72	75	76	75
Stroke (mm)	62	69	69	71	77

(*) These names have never been used, it is an extrapolation of these engines on the new Renault engine designation system.

In the beginning, Renault and Peugeot used the same motor types (Française de Mécanique designations), in the 1980s, each used its own designations.

The "X engine" type X5J (1360 cc) of the Renault 14 GTL (from 1982) is the only one to benefit from the new Renault designations. The designation of the engines is organized in 3 characters: a letter, a number, a letter (Example: C1J, X5J, F2N ...).

• The first letter designates the engine block: X ("X engine") or C ("Cleon-Fonte engine") ...;
• The number corresponds to the type of engine: 5 for hemispherical cylinder head gasoline, single body carburetor; 6 for hemispherical head gasoline, dual body carburetor; ...
• The last letter corresponds to the cubic capacity:

• G from 1150 to 1249 cc
• J from 1350 to 1449 cc

XV

The XV had a displacement of Template:Cvt, with a bore and a stroke of Template:Cvt. It used a single barrel carburettor, good for Template:Cvt.

The XV was installed in the Citroën LNA, Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104, Peugeot 205 and Talbot Samba.

Model	Output	Notes
XV8	Template:Cvt	1-bbl. carburettor

XW

The XW had a displacement of Template:Cvt, with a bore and a stroke of Template:Cvt. It was initially powered by a single barrel carburettor, good for Template:Cvt. A double-barrel carburettor version (XW 3S) raised power to Template:Cvt. A detuned version with Template:Cvt was used in a few markets in place of the XV.

The XW was applied to the Citroën LNA, Citroën Visa, Citroën C15, Citroën BX, Peugeot 104, Peugeot 205 and Talbot Samba. The Template:Cvt version could be found in the sporty Visa X and the 1975 Peugeot 104 ZS.

Model	Output	Notes
XW3	Template:Cvt	1-bbl carburettor
XW7	Template:Cvt	1-bbl carburettor
XW3S	Template:Cvt	2-bbl carburettor

XZ

The XZ had a displacement of Template:Cvt, with a bore and a stroke of Template:Cvt. It was powered by a single barrel carburettor, achieving Template:Cvt at launch, later Template:Cvt for the Visa Super X. The XZ7R variant used two double barrel carburettors which raised power to Template:Cvt.

The XZ had a brief career, and was applied to the Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104, Talbot Samba and Renault 14. The Template:Cvt could be found in the Peugeot 104 ZS Coupé and Talbot Samba Rallye, and their respective racing versions.

Model	Output	Notes
XZ5	Template:Cvt	1-bbl carburettor
XZ5X	Template:Cvt	2-bbl carburettor
XZ7R	Template:Cvt	twin 2-bbl carburettor

XY

The XY was introduced in the place of the XZ. It had a displacement of Template:Cvt, with a bore and a stroke of Template:Cvt. It was initially available only in a double barrel carburettor with Template:Cvt, but later became available with single barrel, twin single barrel and twin double barrel carburettors. This one could reach Template:Cvt, depending on the model it was meant for and the level of tuning.

The XY was applied in Template:Cvt to the Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104 and Peugeot 205, Talbot Samba and Renault 14 GTL. The Template:Cvt variant could be seen in deluxe versions of these models, such as the Samba Cabrio and 205 XT, the Citroën BX and the Renault 14 TS. The Template:Cvt version was reserved for the intermediate sports levels Visa GT, 205 XS/GT, Samba S and the 104ZS. The two most powerful variants were used exclusively in the Visa Chrono and Chrono II, which had a successful career in rallying, especially in France. A Template:Cvt with over Template:Cvt was used in the Group B racing model used by the factory team.

Model	Output	Notes
XY6B	Template:Cvt	2-bbl carburettor
XY?	Template:Cvt	twin 2-bbl carburettor
XY7	Template:Cvt	1-bbl carburettor
XY8	Template:Cvt	twin 1-bbl carburettor
XYR	Template:Cvt	twin 2-bbl carburettor

Sources

• Guide des moteurs Peugeot Citroën (in French)