Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Redirect hatnote". Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox airport Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (Template:Comma separated entries) is a civil-military public international airport Template:Convert east of downtown Phoenix, in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States.[1] It is Arizona's largest and busiest airport; among the largest commercial airports in the United States, PHX was the 11th-busiest airport in the United States in terms of passenger boardings and 35th-busiest in the world in 2024.[2] The airport serves as a hub for American Airlines and a base for Frontier Airlines and Southwest Airlines.

The airport is also home to the 161st Air Refueling Wing (161 ARW), an Air Mobility Command (AMC)–gained unit of the Arizona Air National Guard. The military enclave is known as Goldwater Air National Guard Base. One of two flying units in the Arizona ANG, the 161 ARW flies the KC-135R Stratotanker aircraft. In addition to its domestic role as a National Guard unit, answering to the Governor of Arizona, the 161 ARW also performs both a stateside and overseas role as a USAF organization, supporting air refueling and air mobility missions worldwide.[3]

History

Early history

File:THE PHOENIX 1.jpg
Interior of Terminal 2 in the 1960s with a view of Paul Coze's mural The Phoenix
File:PHX tower with downtown.JPG
Sky Harbor's Control Tower with downtown Phoenix in the distance
File:American Airlines aircraft at PHX (N657AW, N837AW, N604AW, N845NN) - Quintin Soloviev.jpg
American Airlines aircraft at Terminal 4

Sky Harbor Airport's evocative name was conceived by J. Parker Van Zandt, the owner of Scenic Airways, who purchased 278 acres of farmland for Scenic's winter operations in November 1928. Sky Harbor was not only named but founded and built by Van Zandt in late 1928. He immediately commenced building a 100 x 120 foot airplane hangar and through early 1929 built one runway. This was the fourth airport built in Phoenix.[4] Scenic Airways, lacking funds after the infamous Stock Market Crash of 1929,[5][4] sold the airport to Acme Investment Company, which owned the airport until 1935, when the city of Phoenix purchased Sky Harbor airport from Acme for $100,000.[6]

Historical airline service

On February 23, 1929, Maddux Air Lines began the airport's first scheduled passenger service with a route between San Francisco and El Paso stopping in Phoenix, Los Angeles, and several other cities; however the service was short-lived, ending by autumn 1929. Standard Air Lines had been serving Phoenix since late 1927 at a different airport and began landing at Sky Harbor on August 5, 1929. Standard operated a route between Los Angeles and El Paso stopping at Phoenix, Tucson, and Douglas, Arizona. Standard was acquired by American Airways in 1930 which later became American Airlines. American extended the route eastward to New York by way of Dallas, Nashville, and many other cities making for a southern transcontinental route across the United States.[7]

TWA began service to San Francisco in 1938 and added Phoenix onto its transcontinental network by 1944 with flights to Los Angeles and eastward to New York stopping at Albuquerque, Kansas City, and many more cities. Arizona Airways began intrastate service within Arizona in 1946 and merged into Frontier Airlines in 1950 which added new routes to Denver, Albuquerque, and El Paso. Bonanza Airlines began service by 1951 with a route to Las Vegas and Reno making several stops at smaller communities. New routes to Salt Lake City and Southern California were added in the 1960s along with nonstop flights to Las Vegas and Reno aboard Douglas DC-9 jets by 1965. Bonanza merged with two other carriers to become Air West in 1968 and was changed to Hughes Airwest in 1970 adding several new routes, including service to Mexico, creating a hub at Phoenix. Hughes Airwest was then merged into Republic Airlines in 1980 which continued the Phoenix hub operation until the mid-1980s. Western Airlines came to Sky Harbor in 1957 with flights to Denver, Los Angeles and San Diego, Continental Airlines came in 1961 to El Paso, Los Angeles, and Tucson, and Delta Air Lines began flights to Dallas by 1969.[6]

Bonanza Air Lines moved its headquarters from Las Vegas to Phoenix in 1966. Bonanza merged with two other airlines to form Air West, which became Hughes Airwest after Howard Hughes bought it in 1970.[8]

After the Airline Deregulation Act was signed in 1978, many new airlines began service to Sky Harbor. In 1978, former Hughes Airwest executive Ed Beauvais formed a plan for a new airline based in Phoenix. He founded America West Airlines in 1981, which began service from Phoenix in 1983 and doubled in size during its first year.[8] Allegheny Airlines and Eastern Airlines soon began service in 1979 followed by United Airlines in 1980. Allegheny changed its name to USAir shortly after beginning service in 1979. Southwest Airlines arrived at Phoenix in January 1982 with 13 daily flights to 12 cities; by 1986 it had 64 daily flights from Phoenix and had a crew base there. Southwest opened a maintenance facility at PHX in 1992, which was its largest.[9]

America West filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1991 and sold its larger aircraft and Japanese route authority, but continued growing its domestic operations from Terminal 4 in cooperation with Continental Airlines. Although AWA enjoyed further growth at Phoenix during the 1990s the aftermath of the September 11 attacks strained its financial position. AWA ended its relationship with Continental and merged with US Airways in 2005. US Airways moved its headquarters to the AWA campus in Tempe and retained many AWA managers to run the merged company. US Airways was then merged into American Airlines in 2015 which continues to build upon the largest hub operation at Phoenix Sky Harbor.[8]

Sky Harbor landed its first transatlantic flights in 1996 when British Airways inaugurated nonstop service to London. The flight was first operated with a Douglas DC-10 aircraft but soon upgraded to a Boeing 747-400.[10]

In May 2025, Starlux Airlines announced they would launch service in 2026 to Taipei, Taiwan, on an Airbus A350 aircraft, marking the first time an airline announced non stop service to Asia from the airport.[11] On 25 July 2025 China Airlines announced that it will start nonstop flights to Taipei, starting on December of that year.[12][13]

Facilities expansions and growth

After World War II, the airport began work on a new passenger terminal, as well as a new parallel runway and a diagonal runway.[14] On the February 1953 C&GS diagram runways 8L and 8R are each Template:Convert long and runway 3 is Template:Convert. The $835,000 Terminal 1 (originally called the West Wing), which also had the first control tower, opened in October 1952.[14]

The airport's master plan was redesigned in 1959 to eliminate the cross runway to make room for new terminals.[14] American and TWA began jet service to Phoenix in 1960 and 1961 respectively, and Terminal 2 (originally called the East Wing) opened in 1962.[15] Terminal 2 was designed by the Phoenix architectural firms of Weaver & Drover and Lescher & Mahoney and opened in 1962.[16] Terminal 2 also featured a Template:Convert high and Template:Convert wide mural composed of 52 different materials, including mosaic glass, gemstones, shells, and vintage toys.

The Phoenix, designed by the late French-American artist and full-time resident of Phoenix Paul Coze, was commissioned in 1960 as Phoenix's first work of public art and was installed in 1962 in the main lobby area of the terminal. The Phoenix was relocated to the Rental Car Center in 2021 following the decommissioning and demolition of Terminal 2.[17] In November 2006, a Military and Veterans Hospitality Room, sponsored by the Phoenix Military and Veterans Commission, was opened in Terminal 2. It has since relocated to Terminal 4 as the new USO club. This terminal underwent two renovation projects. The first was completed in 1988.[18] The second project, which cost $24 million and was designed by DWL Architects + Planners, Inc., was completed in 2007.[16]

Construction on Terminal 3 began in January 1977. Designed by DWL Architects + Planners, Inc., Terminal 3 opened in October 1979, and the "East" and "West" names were dropped since there were no longer only two terminals.[14]

File:Boeing 737-3B7, USAir JP5920324.jpg
A USAir Boeing 737-300 at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport on February 28, 1986. This aircraft, N360AU, would later be re-registered as N388US, and would go on to crash at Los Angeles in 1991 as Flight 1493

In October 1989, ground was broken for Terminal 4, the largest terminal.[19] It opened on November 2, 1990,[20] with four concourses: N2 and N3 on the north side and S3 and S4 on the south side. In 1994 the N4 International Concourse was opened, adding 10 gates and a sterile walkway to the S4 concourse. In 1997 construction began on the 14-gate N1 concourse for America West Airlines. It was completed in June 1998 at a cost of $50 million,[21] completing the expansion of the north side of the terminal. On the south side of the terminal, construction began in 2002 on the eight-gate S2 concourse for Southwest Airlines. This project was completed in 2004 and has a different architectural design from the other six concourses. The eighth and final concourse for Terminal 4, S1 (South 1), with gates D11–D18, began construction in May 2019. Terminal 4 is named after former Arizona Senator and 1964 Presidential candidate Barry M. Goldwater. After Goldwater's death in 1998, the then-mayor of Phoenix, Skip Rimsza, proposed renaming the airport in Goldwater's memory but was deluged with public support for the familiar "Sky Harbor" name.[22] Terminal 4, designed by DWL Architects + Planners, Inc., is the largest and busiest of the two terminals with 86 (now 92) gates, divided into eight satellite concourses connected behind security.[16]

In 2007, the Transportation Security Administration introduced the first of its backscatter X-ray machines at PHX.[23]

Recent developments

In February 2020, Terminal 2 accepted its final flight and was then decommissioned. Demolition occurred in early 2021 with the terminal being replaced by concrete stands for aircraft, accessible by bus from other terminals.[24] Airlines previously using Terminal 2 were relocated to Terminal 3, which had completed renovations in January 2020.[25]

In January 2021, Terminal 3 was renamed in honor of Senator John McCain by the Phoenix City Council.[26]

In February 2024, the airport announced plans for infrastructure upgrades at its central utility plant in Terminal 4, which will improve air conditioning at the airport. The $36 million project was funded by a FAA Airport Terminal Program grant included in the federal Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that was signed into law by President Joe Biden.[27]

On April 29, 2024, Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego announced that a new terminal would be constructed on the west end of the property near the former location of Terminal 2. She said that in 2023 the airport welcomed more than 48 million passengers and with continued growth expected the new terminal was needed to accommodate growing demand and handle the increased number of travelers. The terminal would feature a new customs facility and would be designed to have net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, making it an environmentally friendly structure.[28]

In 2024, the airport surpassed 50 million passengers in a single calendar year, an all-time record for the facility.[29]

Christmas Day shooting and stabbing

On December 25, 2024, an apparent family dispute among a group of five at a restaurant in Terminal 4 escalated into a shooting and stabbing, leaving three with gunshot wounds and another with a stab wound. A man and a juvenile female were detained as a result of the incident. After the domestic incident, a man allegedly responding to false reports of an active shooter at the airport arrived at the airport shirtless and armed. The man had an altercation with police before he was also arrested.[30][31]

Facilities

Terminals

File:Phoenix-sky-harbor-control-tower.jpg
Aerial view of the new control tower in the foreground, and the old control tower in the background, with Terminal 3 in between, looking southwest

The airport has 119 active aircraft gates in two Terminals (3 and 4).[32] The airport administration states that the designations Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 have been "retired" and that it did not wish to renumber the other terminals since passengers were already familiar with the numbers in place.[33] Terminals 3 and 4 continued to retain their numbers after the closing of Terminal 2.[34] Bus gates are planned to be operated on the Terminal 2 site.[35][33][36][37] Terminal 3 is used by most domestic or precleared arrivals including Frontier Airlines.[38] Alaska Airlines also uses Terminal 3 for both its arrivals and departures.[3] International carriers, American and Southwest operate in Terminal 4.[39]

  • Terminal 3 contains 27 gates.[32]
  • Terminal 4 contains 92 gates.[32]

Runways

PHX covers Template:Convert at an elevation of Template:Cvt. The airport has three parallel concrete/grooved runways:[1][40]

All three runways can accommodate aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of Template:Cvt or greater.[1]

Sky Harbor's private airplane area is also one of eight service centers for the Medevac airline Air Evac.[41]

ATC tower

The airport's Template:Convert air traffic control tower began operations on January 14, 2007. It stands just east of the Terminal 3 parking garage and also houses the Phoenix TRACON. This is Sky Harbor's third control tower and is among the tallest control towers in North America.[42][43]

Museum

The Phoenix Airport Museum is a museum displaying artwork and local aviation memorabilia located inside the terminal.[44]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

The following airlines operate regularly scheduled passenger flights at Sky Harbor Airport:[45] Template:Airport destination list

Cargo

Template:Airport destination list

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from PHX (August 2024 - July 2025)[46]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 Template:Flagicon Denver, Colorado 1,207,000 American, Frontier, Southwest, United
2 Template:Flagicon Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 931,000 Alaska, American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest
3 Template:Flagicon Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 828,000 American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
4 Template:Flagicon Los Angeles, California 821,000 American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest, United
4 Template:Flagicon Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 821,000 American, Spirit, Frontier
6 Template:Flagicon Las Vegas, Nevada 805,000 American, Frontier, JSX, Southwest, Spirit
7 Template:Flagicon Salt Lake City, Utah 662,000 American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest
8 Template:Flagicon Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota 648,000 American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, Sun Country
8 Template:Flagicon San Diego, California 648,000 American, Frontier, JSX, Southwest
10 Template:Flagicon San Francisco, California 630,000 Alaska, American, Frontier, Southwest, United
Busiest international routes from PHX (January 2024 – December 2024)[47]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 Template:Flagicon San José del Cabo, Mexico 457,831 American, Frontier, Southwest
2 Template:Flagicon London–Heathrow, United Kingdom 334,863 American, British Airways
3 Template:Flagicon Calgary, Canada 312,085 Flair, Lynx Air, WestJet
4 Template:Flagicon Puerto Vallarta, Mexico 310,506 American, Southwest
5 Template:Flagicon Cancún, Mexico 219,996 American, Southwest
6 Template:Flagicon Vancouver, Canada 208,766 Air Canada, Flair, WestJet
7 Template:Flagicon Toronto–Pearson, Canada 206,849 Air Canada, Lynx Air, Porter
8 Template:Flagicon Guadalajara, Mexico 197,067 American, Volaris
9 Template:Flagicon Mexico City, Mexico 112,200 American
10 Template:Flagicon Edmonton, Canada 104,586 Flair, WestJet

Annual traffic

Template:Airport-Statistics

Annual passenger traffic (enplaned + deplaned) at PHX, (1951–present)[48][49] [50]
Year Passengers Year Passengers Year Passengers Year Passengers
1951 240,786 1971 3,000,707 1991 22,140,437 2011 40,592,295
1952 296,066 1972 3,365,122 1992 22,118,399 2012 40,448,932
1953 325,311 1973 3,776,725 1993 23,621,781 2013 40,341,614
1954 365,545 1974 3,962,988 1994 25,626,132 2014 42,134,662
1955 442,587 1975 3,964,942 1995 27,856,195 2015 44,003,840
1956 495,268 1976 4,414,625 1996 30,411,852 2016 43,411,591
1957 581,087 1977 4,984,653 1997 30,667,210 2017 43,921,670
1958 658,889 1978 5,931,860 1998 31,769,113 2018 44,943,686
1959 783,115 1979 7,021,985 1999 33,472,916 2019 46,288,337
1960 857,318 1980 6,585,854 2000 36,044,281 2020 21,928,708
1961 920,096 1981 6,641,750 2001 35,437,051 2021 38,846,713
1962 1,090,953 1982 7,491,516 2002 35,547,432 2022 44,397,854
1963 1,247,684 1983 8,605,408 2003 37,423,596 2023 48,654,432
1964 1,411,912 1984 10,801,658 2004 39,504,323 2024 52,325,266
1965 1,594,895 1985 13,422,764 2005 41,215,342 2025
1966 1,943,336 1986 15,556,994 2006 41,436,498 2026
1967 2,236,637 1987 17,723,046 2007 42,184,515 2027
1968 2,515,326 1988 19,178,100 2008 39,891,193 2028
1969 2,795,212 1989 20,714,059 2009 37,824,982 2029
1970 2,871,958 1990 21,718,068 2010 38,554,530 2030
  • From 1951 through the end of 2024, 1,477,534,183 passengers (domestic and international, enplaned and deplaned) have transited through PHX, an annual average of 19,966,678 passengers per year. In the same time frame there were 30,033,280 million aircraft movements (commercial, military, general aviation) at PHX, an annual average of 405,855 movements per year.[51] PHX has grown over the years into a major US hub, and in 2024 was ranked the 35th-busiest airport in the world and 11th-busiest airport in the United States in passenger boardings.

Airline market share

Largest airlines at PHX
(August 2024 - July 2025)
Rank Airline Passengers Percent of market share
1 Southwest Airlines 16,301,000 34.15%
2 American Airlines 15,382,000 32.23%
3 Delta Air Lines 3,312,000 6.94%
4 Skywest Airlines 3,116,000 6.53%
5 United Airlines 2,911,000 6.10%
6 Other Airlines 6,708,000 14.05%

Ground transportation

File:231014-5 PHX Sky Train.jpg
PHX Sky Train

Travelers can access both terminals from the East Economy Parking by using the PHX Sky Train.[52] There is also terminal parking adjacent to each terminal.[53] The PHX Sky Train project is complete, connecting terminals to the Rental Car Center.

Valley Metro bus route 13 has a stop at the 24th St. Sky Train station[54] Travelers connecting to or from the Greyhound station can walk from the 24th St. Sky Train Station. The Valley Metro Rail has a stop at the nearby 44th St/Washington light rail station. A moving sidewalk bridge over Washington Street allows light rail passengers to arrive at the nearby PHX Sky Train station and then onward to stations at the East Economy Parking Lot and Terminals 3 and 4. Valley Metro bus routes 44 serve the PHX Sky Train station at 44th Street and Washington.[55]

A number of taxi, limousine, ride share and shuttle companies provide service between each airport terminal, the Phoenix metropolitan area, and other communities throughout the state.[56]

By road, the airport terminals are served by East Sky Harbor Boulevard, which is fed by Interstate 10, Arizona State Routes 143 and 202.

PHX Sky Train

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The PHX Sky Train is an automated people-mover, much like those found at other airports, that transports Sky Harbor passengers from the 44th Street and Washington Light Rail station to Sky Harbor's East Economy Parking lot, through both terminals. Phase 1 opened on April 8, 2013, and runs from the 44th Street and Washington Light Rail station, to East Economy Parking and on to Terminal 4.[57] Phase 1A shuttles passengers to Terminal 3. Phase 1A opened on December 8, 2014.[58] Phase 2 transports passengers to the Rental Car Center. Phase 2 opened on December 20, 2022.[59]

Reception

In its 2019 airport rankings, The Wall Street Journal ranked Sky Harbor as the best airport overall among the 20 largest airports in the U.S.[60] "Phoenix excelled in several of the 15 categories, with short screening waits, fast Wi-Fi, good Yelp scores for restaurant reviews, short taxi-to-takeoff times for planes and cheap average Uber cost to get downtown."[61] Sky Harbor won the honor again in 2023, ahead of Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport.[62]

Accidents and incidents

Date Flight number Information
June 27, 1969 N/A A Cessna 182 Skylane, flying from Hawthorne Airport in Hawthorne, California, to Sky Harbor, hit high-tension power lines east of the airport and crashed at 10:48 pm in the Salt River bed while attempting to land on Runway 26R, knocking out power to the airport and killing all three passengers on board.[63]
March 13, 1990 N/A An Alaska Airlines Boeing 727 taking off from PHX struck and killed a male who breached security and ran onto the runway. There were no injuries on the 727. Airport authorities determined he was a patient at a nearby mental hospital.[64]
August 28, 2002 HP794 An America West Airlines Airbus A320 arriving from Houston experienced a nosegear collapse while taxiing in after landing.[65][66]
July 11, 2009 BA288 A British Airways Boeing 747 due to depart to London, was evacuated on the tarmac due to fumes in the cabin.[67][68]
August 17, 2017 QF7 A Qantas Airbus A380 passenger experienced a medical emergency en route from Sydney to Dallas and the flight diverted to Phoenix. This is the first recorded arrival of the A380 superjumbo in Phoenix and the aircraft was required to taxi to a remote stand as the airport did not have a gate capable of handling the oversized Airbus.[69]
December 6, 2017 BA288/BAW38P A British Airways Boeing 747 experienced a #3 engine problem during climbout and needed to return to the airport after dumping fuel. The incident was recorded on camera.[70][71][72]

The airport reported zero visibility in August 2025 during a haboob.[73]

See also

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Notes

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References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage

Template:Phoenix, Arizona Template:Major US Airports Template:Authority control

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