PARM 1 mine
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The PARM 1 (DM12) and its improved version (DM22) is a German off-route mine that fires a fin stabilized rocket. PARM stands for PanzerAbwehrRichtMine, anti-tank directional mine.
Development
The mine was developed in the early 1980s to meet the US MIL-STD-331A and US MIL-STD-810C requirements. Trials of the mine were conducted between March 1983 and March 1988. In June 1988 it was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr, with the Army receiving the first batch of 25,000 between 1991 and 1994. The PARM 2 was a development of PARM 1 incorporating an infrared sensor and an improved rocket.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The German Ministry of Defense signed a contract with TDW in October 2023 to deliver mines to replace those sent to Ukraine, restarting DM22 production for the first time since 1998. 2,600 mines are initially ordered with an option for 10,000 more; the first production qualification batch is planned for 2025, with serial production starting in 2026, and first deliveries planned for 2027.[1][2]
Variants
PARM 1
The PARM 1 is mounted on a small tripod, allowing it to be traversed through 360 degrees, elevated to 90 degrees and depressed to −45 degrees. The mine is manually emplaced and incorporates an arming delay of five minutes. It is detonated by a fibre optic trigger cable, which triggers the mine when it is crushed.
The mine has an effective range of between Script error: No such module "convert".. The rocket has a velocity of approximately Script error: No such module "convert"., and has a claimed armour penetration of Script error: No such module "convert"..Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The modified DM22 automatically deactivates after 40 days.
1600 DM22 mines were delivered to Ukrainian armed services in early May 2022.[3]
PARM 2
The PARM 2 incorporates an infrared sensor, the SAPIR, which acts to accurately fire the rocket to ranges up to Script error: No such module "convert".. The warhead of the PARM 2 has been upgraded, with armour penetration of Script error: No such module "convert". and a capability against reactive armour. It can be programmed to be active for between several hours and 30 days.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
PARM NextGen
The PARM NextGen was introduced in 2024, and compared to the PARM 2 (DM 22), it has a 50% increased range.[4][5]
DM58
The DM58 is a training variant of the PARM mine system.[6]
Specifications
| Model | PARM 1 | PARM 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Length | 640 mm | ? |
| Height | 391 mm | 300 to 700 mm |
| Warhead diameter |
132 mm | 110 mm |
| Weight | 10 kg | 20 kg |
| Warhead | 1.4 kg | 1.9 kg |
| Range | 2 to 40 m | 4 to 100 m |
Operators
Current operators
- File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
- Germany operates DM12 and DM22 mines.
- File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine (3,420)
- Germany supplied some mines that were in storage in the early stages of the full scale invasion of Ukraine.[7]
- As of April 2025, 3,420 mines were supplied to Ukraine.[8]
Future operators
- File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
- 2,600 DM 22 ordered in October 2023 as part of a framework agreement with an option for 10,000 additional mines, to be ordered by tranches of 1,000 mines.[9][10]
- In April 2025, an agreement was signed with Norway and Latvia for a common procurement of additional DM22 mines.[11]
- File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia
- In April 2025, an agreement was signed with Norway and Germany for a common procurement of additional DM22 mines.[11]
- File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway
- In April 2025, an agreement was signed with Germany and Latvia for a common procurement of additional DM22 mines.[11]
See also
References
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- ↑ TDW: the tank is back, PARM is back. European Defence Review. 31 October 2023.
- ↑ MBDA restarts anti-tank mine production as Ukraine war depletes stocks. Defense News. 15 November 2023.
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