Ovarian tumor
Template:Short description Ovarian tumors, or ovarian neoplasms, are tumors in the ovary.[1] Not all are ovarian cancer.[1] They consist of mainly solid tissue, while ovarian cysts contain fluid.[2]
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) divided ovarian tumours as 90% epithelial, 3% germ cell, and 2% sex cord-stromal types.[3]
Histopathologic classification
Template:See Tumor of the ovary vary remarkably as they may arise from any of the 3 cell types of the normal ovary.
Ovarian tumors are classified according to the histology of the tumor, obtained in a pathology report. Histology dictates many aspects of clinical treatment, management, and prognosis.
The most common forms are:
| Type | Subtype | Relative incidence[5] | Percent malignant[5] | Comments | Micrograph |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germ cell tumor | Mature cystic teratoma | 46.0% | 0.17% to 2%[6] | Cystic, with elements of all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm).[7] | |
| Immature teratoma | 2.5% | 100% | A teratoma that contains anaplastic immature elements, and is often synonymous with malignant teratoma.[8] | File:Histopathology of immature teratoma of the ovary.jpg | |
| Other germ cell tumors | 3.0% | Others mainly include dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, struma ovarii and squamous cell carcinoma arising from a dermoid cyst, and malignant mixed germ cell tumor.[5] | |||
| Surface epithelial-stromal tumor | Serous tumor | 25% | 18.5% | Benign serous tumors of the right ovarian cyst are thinwalled unilocular cysts that are lined by ciliated pseudostratified cuboidal or columnar epithelium.[9] | File:Histopathology of lining of a benign serous tumor of the ovary.jpg |
| Mucinous tumor | 15% | 8.8% | Benign mucinous tumors of the ovary consist of simple, nonstratified columnar epithelium with basally-located hyperchromatic nuclei and resemble gastric foveolar epithelium.[9] | File:Histopathology of lining of a benign mucinous tumor of the ovary.jpg | |
| Endometrioid tumor | 1% | Almost 100% | Tubular glands, resembling endometrium.[10] | File:Histopathology of well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma.png | |
| Other surface-epithelial tumors | 1.5% | Others include mainly malignant mixed Müllerian tumor, Brenner tumor and mixed epithelial tumor.[5] | |||
| Sex cord-stromal tumor | Ovarian fibroma | 1.5% | 0% | Spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells and abundant collagen.[11] | File:Histopathology of an ovarian fibroma.jpg |
| Adult granulosa cell tumor | 1% | Almost 100% | Small, bland, cuboidal to polygonal cells in various patterns.[12] | File:Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary (5621714007).jpg | |
| Other sex cord-stromal tumors | 1% | Others include mainly juvenile granulosa cell tumor, thecoma and sclerosing stromal tumor[5] | |||
| Secondary/metastatic) tumor | 2% | 100% | Usually from breast cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer, stomach cancer or cervical cancer.[13] | ||
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Mixed tumors contain elements of more than one of the above classes of tumor histology.
History
An 1882 article appearing in Scientific American mentions the case of a patient at University of Pennsylvania Hospital when Dr. William Goodell removed a 112 lbs tumor from a 31 year old patient, who weighted 75 lbs after removal from the tumor.[14]
See also
References
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