Oryza
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Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family.[1][2] It includes the major food crop rice (species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to Script error: No such module "convert". tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species.[3]
Oryza is situated in tribe Oryzeae, which is characterized morphologically by its single-flowered spikelets whose glumes are almost completely suppressed. In Oryza, two sterile lemma simulate glumes. The tribe Oryzeae is in subfamily Ehrhartoideae,[4] a group of Poaceae tribes with certain features of internal leaf anatomy in common. The most distinctive leaf characteristics of this subfamily are the arm cells and fusoid cells found in their leaves.[5]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
One species, Asian rice (O. sativa), provides 20% of global grain and is a food crop of major global importance. The species are divided into two subgroups within the genus.
Species
Inside the genus Oryza, species can be divided by their genomes types (listed after each species name below). They include the diploid (2n = 24) Template:Visible anchor of cultivated rice and their relatives, Template:Visible anchor, Template:Visible anchor, Template:Visible anchor, Template:Visible anchor and Template:Visible anchor as well as the tetraploid (4n = 48) Template:Visible anchor, Template:Visible anchor, Template:Visible anchor, Template:Visible anchor and Template:Visible anchor. Species of the same genome type cross easily, while hybridizing different types requires techniques like embryo rescue.[6][7]
Over 300 names have been proposed for species, subspecies, and other infraspecific taxa within the genus. Published sources disagree as to how many of these should be recognized as distinct species. The following follows the World Checklist maintained by Kew Garden in London.[8]
- Oryza australiensis Template:Au (EE) – Australia
- Oryza barthii Template:Au (AA) – tropical Africa
- Oryza brachyantha Template:Au (FF) – tropical Africa
- Oryza coarctata Template:Au (KKLL) – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar
- Oryza eichingeri Template:Au (CC) – tropical Africa, Sri Lanka
- Oryza glaberrima Template:Au (AA) – African rice – tropical Africa
- Oryza grandiglumis Template:Au (CCDD) – Brazil, Venezuela, Fr Guiana, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia
- Oryza latifolia Template:Au (CCDD) – Latin America + West Indies from Sinaloa + Cuba to Argentina
- Oryza longiglumis Template:Au (HHJJ) – New Guinea
- Oryza longistaminata Template:Au (AA) – Madagascar, tropical + southern Africa
- Oryza meyeriana Template:Au (GG) – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia
- Oryza minuta Template:Au (BBCC) – Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Northern Territory of Australia
- Oryza neocaledonica Template:Au (GG) – New Caledonia
- Oryza officinalis Template:Au (CC) – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia
- Oryza punctata Template:Au (BB) – Madagascar, tropical + southern Africa
- Oryza ridleyi Template:Au (HHJJ) – Southeast Asia, New Guinea
- Oryza rufipogon Template:Au (AA) – brownbeard or red rice – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia
- Oryza sativa Template:Au (AA) – Asian rice – China, Indian Subcontinent, Japan, Southeast Asia; naturalized many places
- Oryza schlechteri Template:Au (HHKK) – New Guinea
Formerly included
Many species are nowScript error: No such module "Unsubst". regarded as better suited to other genera:[8]
See also
References
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- ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 333. in Latin
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- ↑ Heywood, V.H. Flowering Plants of the World 1993 Oxford University Press
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