Orobanche

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Template:Short description Template:Pp-pc Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Automatic taxobox

Orobanche, commonly known as broomrape, is a genus of almost 200 species of small parasitic herbaceous plants, mostly native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.[1] It is the type genus of the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It is a weed on broadleaf crop plants in Australia, where some states enforce mandatory destruction and reporting, as well as prohibition of sale.[2][3]

Description

Broomrapes are generally small, only Script error: No such module "convert". tall depending on species. They are best recognized by the yellow- to straw-coloured stems completely lacking chlorophyll, bearing yellow, white, or blue snapdragon-like flowers. The flower shoots are scaly, with a dense terminal spike of 10-20 flowers in most species, although single in one-flowered broomrape (Orobanche uniflora). The leaves are merely triangular scales. The seeds are minute, tan or brown, blackening with age. These plants generally flower from late winter to late spring. When they are not flowering, no part of the plants is visible above the surface of the soil.

Parasitism

As they have no chlorophyll, the broomrapes are totally dependent on other plants for nutrients. Broomrape seeds remain dormant in the soil, often for many years, until stimulated to germinate by certain compounds produced by living plant roots.[4] Broomrape seedlings put out a root-like growth, which attaches to the roots of nearby hosts. Once attached to a host, the broomrape robs its host of water and nutrients.

Some species are only able to parasitise a single plant species, and they are often named after the plant they parasitise, such as ivy broomrape (O. hederae) being restricted to parasitising ivy. Others can infect several genera, such as the lesser broomrape O. minor, which lives on clover and other related Fabaceae.

Branched broomrape Orobanche ramosa, native to central and southwestern Europe but widely naturalised elsewhere, is considered a major threat to crops in some areas. Plants that it targets are tomato, eggplant, potato, cabbage, coleus, bell pepper, sunflower, celery, and beans. In heavily infested areas, branched broomrape can cause total crop failure.

The bean broomrape Orobanche crenata, which targets the fava bean, has stems that are gathered and eaten in the Italian region of Apulia.[5]

Etymology

The generic name Orobanche comes from the Greek Template:Wikt-lang (Script error: No such module "lang".), from Template:Wikt-lang (Script error: No such module "lang". "bitter vetch") + Template:Wikt-lang (Script error: No such module "lang". (I) "strangle").[6][7] The common name "broomrape" comes from the English "broom" (a plant) + Latin Template:Wikt-lang ('tuber').[8]

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Orobanche:[9]

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche aconiti-lycoctoni Moreno Mor., G.Gómez, Ó.Sánchez, Carlón & M.LaínzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Egyptian broomrape; Fenzhi broomrape
  • Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Thyme broomrape; baihua broomrape
  • Orobanche alsatica Kirschl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Alsace broomrape; Duose broomrape
  • Orobanche amethystea Thuill.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Eryngium broomrape
  • Orobanche amoena C.A.Mey.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche anatolica Boiss. & Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche androssovii Novopokr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche angustelaciniata GilliScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche apuana Domina & SoldanoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche arenaria Borkh.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Wormwood broomrape
  • Orobanche arizonica L.T.CollinsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche armena TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche arpica Piwow., Ó.Sánchez & Moreno Mor.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche artemisiae-campestris Vaucher ex GaudinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche astragali MouterdeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche auranitica MouterdeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche australiana F.Muell.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche australis Moris ex Bertol.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche ballii (Maire) DominaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche ballotae A.PujadasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche balsensis (J.A.Guim.) Carlón, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor. & Ó.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche bartlingii Griseb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche baumanniorum GreuterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche beauverdii Uhlich & RätzelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche benkertii Rätzel & UhlichScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche boninsimae (Maxim.) TuyamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche borissovae Novopokr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche brachypoda Novopokr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche brassicae (Novopokr.) Novopokr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche bulbosa BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche bungeana BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche caesia Rchb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche calendulae PomelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche californica Cham. & Schltdl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche campanulae Rätzel, Ristow & UhlichScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche camphorosmae (Carlón, G.Gómez, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor., Ó.Sánchez & Schneew.) A.Pujadas & TrianoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche camptolepis Boiss. & Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche canescens C.PreslScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Bedstraw broomrape; Simao broomstraw
  • Orobanche castellana Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cathae DeflersScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche caucasica BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche centaurina Bertol.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cernua Loefl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Nodding broomrape; Wanguan broomrape
  • Orobanche chilensis (Phil.) BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche chironii Lojac.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche chrysacanthi MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cilicica BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cistanchoides BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche clarkei Hook.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Xizang broomrape
  • Orobanche clausonis PomelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche coelestis (Reut.) Boiss. & Reut. ex BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Changchi broomrape
  • Orobanche coerulescens StephanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cohenii Domina & DaninScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche connata K.KochScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cooperi (A.Gray) A.HellerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Cooper's broomrape
  • Orobanche corymbosa (Rydb.) FerrisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Flat-top broomrape
  • Orobanche crenata Forssk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Bean broomrape
  • Orobanche cumana Wallr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cypria Reut. ex KotschyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cyrenaica Beck ex E.A.Durand & BarratteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche cyrnea Jeanm., Habashi & ManenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche dalmatica (Beck) TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche daninii Domina & RaimondoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Bertol.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche denudata MorisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche dhofarensis M.J.Y.FoleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche ducellieri MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche dugesii (S.Watson) MunzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche ebuli Huter & RigoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche elatior SuttonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Knapweed broomrape; Duanchun broomrape
  • Orobanche eriophora Bornm. & GaubaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche esulae PančićScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche fasciculata Nutt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Cluster broomrape; fascicled broomrape
  • Orobanche flava Mart. ex F.W.SchultzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Butterbur broomrape
  • Orobanche foetida Poir.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche fuscovinosa MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche gamosepala Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche georgii-reuteri (Carlón, et al.) A.PujadasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche gigantea (Beck) Gontsch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche glabricaulis TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche gracilis Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Slender broomrape
  • Orobanche gratiosa (Webb & Berthel.) Linding.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche grenieri F.W.SchultzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche grisebachii Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche grossheimii Novopokr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche gussoneana (Lojac.) ined.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche hadroantha BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche haenseleri Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche hansii A.Kern.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche hederae DubyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Ivy broomrape
  • Orobanche hedypnoidis (Rätzel, Ristow & Uhlich) HandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche heldreichii (Reut.) BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche hirtiflora (Reut.) BurkillScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche humbertii MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche hymenocalyx Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche hypertomentosa M.J.Y.FoleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche iammonensis A.Pujadas & P.FragaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche iberica (Beck) TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche inexspectata (Carlón, et al.) Domina, Greuter, P.Marino & P.Schäf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche ingens (Beck) TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche inulae Novopokr. & AbramovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche javakhetica Piwow., Ó.Sánchez & Moreno Mor.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche kashmirica C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche kelleri Novopokr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Duanchi broomrape
  • Orobanche kotschyi Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Yitong broomrape
  • Orobanche krylowii BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Siduomao broomrape
  • Orobanche kurdica Boiss. & Hausskn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche lainzii (Gómez Nav., Roselló, Peris, A.Valdés & Sanchis) Triano & A.PujadasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche laserpitii-sileris Reut. ex Jord.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche latisquama (F.W.Schultz) Batt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche lavandulacea Rchb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche laxissima Uhlich & RätzelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche leptantha PomelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche libanotica (Schweinf. ex Boiss.) Dinsm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche litorea Guss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche longibracteata Schiman-CzeikaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche loscosii Carlón, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor. & Ó.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche lucorum A.Braun ex F.W.SchultzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Barberry Broomrape
  • Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Prairie broomrape; desert broomrape
  • Orobanche lutea Baumg.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Medick broomrape
  • Orobanche lycoctoni RhinerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche megalantha Harry Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Dahua broomrape
  • Orobanche minor Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Common broomrape; clover broomrape; lesser broomrape; small broomrape
  • Orobanche mlokosiewiczii Piwow., Ó.Sánchez & Moreno Mor.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche mongolica BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Zhonghua broomrape
  • Orobanche montserratii A.Pujadas & D.GómezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche multiflora Nutt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche mupinensis HuScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Baoxing broomrape
  • Orobanche muteliformis M.J.Y.FoleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche mutelii F.W.SchultzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche nana Noë ex Rchb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche nowackiana Markgr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche olbiensis (Coss.) NymanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche ombrochares HanceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Maoyao broomrape
  • Orobanche orientalis BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche owerinii (Beck) BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche oxyloba (Reut.) BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche palaestina Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche pancicii BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche parishii (Jeps.) HeckardScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche penduliflora GilliScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche perangustata M.J.Y.FoleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche persica (Beck) Novopokr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche picridis-hieracioidis HolandreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Oxtongue broomrape
  • Orobanche pinorum Geyer ex Hook.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche portoilicitana A.Pujadas & M.B.CrespoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche psila C.B.ClarkeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche pubescens d'Urv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Hairy broomrape
  • Orobanche pulchella (C.A.Mey.) Novopokr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche purpurea Jacq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Yarrow broomrape
  • Orobanche pycnostachya HanceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Huanghua broomrape
  • Orobanche ramosa L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Branched broomrape; hemp broomrape
  • Orobanche rapum-genistae Thuill.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Greater broomrape
  • Orobanche rechingeri GilliScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche resedarum (Carlón, et al.) A.Pujadas & TrianoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche reticulata Wallr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Thistle broomrape
  • Orobanche reuteriana (Rchb.f.) M.B.Crespo & A.PujadasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche rigens Loisel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche riparia L.T.CollinsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche robbinsii Heckard ex Colwell & Yatsk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche rosmarina Welw. ex BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche salviae F.W.Schultz ex W.D.J.KochScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche sanguinea C.PreslScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche santolinae Loscos & J.PardoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche schelkovnikovii TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche schultzii MutelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche schweinfurthii BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche septemloba (Beck) TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche serbica Beck & PetrovičScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche serratocalyx BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche sinensis Harry Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Sichuan broomrape
  • Orobanche singarensis BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche sintenisii BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche solenanthi Novopokr. & Pissjauk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche sordida C.A.Mey.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Danhuang broomrape
  • Orobanche spectabilis Reut.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche staehelinae D.Pav., Michaud, Véla & J.-M.TisonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche stocksii Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche subbaetica Triano & A.PujadasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche sulphurea Gontsch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche tacnaensis Mattf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche tarapacana Phil.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche tetuanensis BallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche teucrii HolandreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Germander broomrape
  • Orobanche transcaucasica TzvelevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche trichocalyx (Webb & Berthel.) BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche tricholoba (Reut.) DominaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche turcica G.Zare & DönmezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche uniflora L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Naked broomrape; one-flower cancer-root
  • Orobanche uralensis BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Duochi broomrape
  • Orobanche valida Jeps.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche vallicola (Jeps.) HeckardScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche variegata Wallr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche weberbaueri Mattf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche yuennanensis (Beck) Hand.-Mazz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". — Dianlie Broomrape
  • Orobanche zajaciorum Piwow.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Orobanche zosimii (M.J.Y.Foley) DominaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Beck-Mannagetta, G. (1930) Orobanchaceae. In Engler, A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich 4: 1-348. (Engelmann:Leipzig).
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Yoder, J.I. (2001) Host-plant recognition by parasitic Scrophulariaceae. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4:359-365.
  5. ↑ Luard, E. European peasant cookery, Grub Street, 2004, p.380
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Template:LSJ, Template:LSJ.
  8. ↑ Template:L&S
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

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