Oriolus

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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

Orioles are colourful Old World passerine birds in the genus Oriolus, the type genus of the corvoidean family Oriolidae. They are not closely related to the New World orioles, which are icterids (family Icteridae) that belong to the superfamily Passeroidea.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus Oriolus was erected in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the 12th edition of his Systema Naturae.[1] The type species is, by tautonomy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus, 1766. This is a junior synonym of Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758, the Eurasian golden oriole.[2] In 1760, French ornithologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in his Ornithologie used Oriolus as a subdivision of the genus Turdus,[3] but the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in 1955 that "Oriolus Brisson, 1760" should be suppressed.[4] Linnaeus added more than a dozen additional genera when he updated his 10th edition, but he generally based new genera on those that had been introduced by Brisson in his Ornithologie. Oriolus is now the only genus for which Linnaeus's 12th edition is cited as the original publication.[5][6] The name is derived from the old French word oriol, which is echoic in origin, derived from the call of the bird,[7] but some authors have suggested origins in classical Latin aureolus meaning "golden". Various forms of "oriole" have existed in Romance languages since the 12th and 13th centuries.[8]

Extant species

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Relatedness of species within the genus: Two forms that have not been included in the sequencing and analysis are O. crassirostris, which is expected to be close to O. brachyrhynchus, and O. tenuirostris, which is expected to be close to O. diffusus[9]

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The genus contains 32 species:[6]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution
Brown oriole Oriolus szalayi New Guinea
Dusky-brown oriole Oriolus phaeochromus North Maluku
Grey-collared oriole Oriolus forsteni Seram
Black-eared oriole Oriolus bouroensis Buru Island
Tanimbar oriole Oriolus decipiens Tanimbar Islands
Timor oriole Oriolus melanotis Timor, Rote and Semau Islands
Wetar oriole Oriolus finschi Wetar and Atauro Islands
File:Olive-backed Oriole - Crossroads Reserve.jpg Olive-backed oriole Oriolus sagittatus eastern Australia and south-central New Guinea.
File:Green oriole 1128.jpg Green oriole Oriolus flavocinctus Australia and New Guinea
File:Dark-throated Oriole.jpg Dark-throated oriole Oriolus xanthonotus Southeast Asia through Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka, Java and southwestern Borneo
Ventriloquial oriole Oriolus consobrinus Borneo and the Philippines
Philippine oriole Oriolus steerii the Philippines
White-lored oriole Oriolus albiloris Luzon Island (the Philippines)
Isabela oriole Oriolus isabellae Luzon
File:Loriot d'Europe - Flickr - Philippe Garcelon, crop.jpg Eurasian golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Europe and western Asia, and spends the winter season in central and southern Africa
File:IndianGoldenOriole M.jpg Indian golden oriole Oriolus kundoo Indian subcontinent and Central Asia
File:African golden oriole (Oriolus auratus notatus).jpg African golden oriole Oriolus auratus Africa south of the Sahara desert
File:Slender-billed Oriole Oriolus tenuirostris by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSC 4258 (4).jpg Slender-billed oriole Oriolus tenuirostris eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia
File:Black-naped Oriole eyeing on Lannea coromandelica fruits W IMG 7470.jpg Black-naped oriole Oriolus chinensis eastern Siberia, Ussuriland, northeastern China, Korea and northern Vietnam
File:Green-headed Oriole specimen RWD.jpg Green-headed oriole Oriolus chlorocephalus eastern Africa
São Tomé oriole Oriolus crassirostris island of São Tomé
File:Western Black-headed Oriole - Kakum NP - Ghana 14 S4E3089 (16016463070) (cropped).jpg Western oriole Oriolus brachyrynchus African tropical rainforest
Ethiopian oriole Oriolus monacha north-eastern Africa
Mountain oriole Oriolus percivali Albertine Rift montane forests, Uganda and Kenya
File:Oriolus larvatus subsp larvatus, Lushof, Naboomspruit, b.jpg Black-headed oriole Oriolus larvatus Africa
Black-winged oriole Oriolus nigripennis African tropical rainforest
File:Black-hooded Oriole - Sri Lanka - 02.jpg Black-hooded oriole Oriolus xanthornus tropical southern Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia
Black oriole Oriolus hosii Sarawak in Borneo
File:Black and Crimson Oriole ( Oriolus cruentus).jpg Black-and-crimson oriole Oriolus consanguineus Indonesia and Malaysia
Javan oriole Oriolus cruentus Indonesia
File:Maroon oriole - Bird from Nepal by Krishna (107) - cropped.jpg Maroon oriole Oriolus traillii Southeast Asia
File:Oriolus mellianus 64974933 (cropped).jpg Silver oriole Oriolus mellianus southern China and winters in mainland Southeast Asia

Former species

Formerly, some authorities also considered these species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Oriolus:

Distribution and habitat

The orioles are a mainly tropical group, although one species, the Eurasian golden oriole, breeds in temperate regions.

References

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  8. ↑ Template:OED
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External links

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