Orița M1941
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The Orița is a 9×19mm Parabellum submachine gun that was manufactured in Romania during World War II and for several years afterwards. It was named for Captain Marin Orița (Military Technical Corps, Romanian Army), who is credited in Romania with its design.[1] (Other sources describe the Orița as a joint Czech-Romanian project;[2] the Czech Leopold Jašek and the Romanian Nicolae Sterca are also considered to have contributed to its design).[3][4]
Design and production
The design of the Orița uses an open bolt firing mechanism which has a floating firing pin and lever system instead of a fixed firing pin. The rifling of the barrel is six-groove right-handed.[5] In 1948, several changes were made to the design: the manual safety was replaced with a grip safety lever, a reinforced metal wrist was added to the stock and the semi-automatic selector was removed with the gun remaining at fully automatic only.[6]
Mass production was made by CMC Uzinele Metalurgice Copșa Mică and Cugir. With a production rate of 666 pieces per month as of October 1942,[7] 6,000 were produced until October 1943.[8]
Service
The first version, Model 1941, entered operational service with the Romanian Army in 1943.[2] Two later improved models were the Model 1948, with a fixed wooden stock, and the rare paratrooper Model 1949, with a folding metal stock.[9] It remained in service with the Romanian Army until it was replaced in the 1960s by the more powerful Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965, a Romanian version of the AK-47 assault rifle. The Orița remained in service with the Patriotic Guards ("Gărzile Patriotice") until the 1970s.[3] A small quantity of these Romanian weapons was also used by the Wehrmacht during the last two years of the Second World War.[10]
During Vietnam war, the North Vietnamese Army was supplied with Orița submachine guns by Romania. The Vietnamese continued using the Orița in the Sino-Vietnamese war of 1979 as well.[11]
Orița Carbine
A carbine version of the Orița was designed, chambered in 9×23mm Steyr. Only one prototype was built; it is preserved in the National Military Museum in Bucharest.
Users
Former users
- File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany
- File:Flag of North Vietnam (1955–1975).svg North Vietnam
- Template:Country data Socialist Republic of Romania
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References
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- ↑ König (1977), p. 229
- ↑ a b Axworthy & al (1995), p. 75
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- ↑ Anonymous, Román kézifegyverek…
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- ↑ Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945, p. 75
- ↑ Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945, p. 149
- ↑ König (1977), p. 231
- ↑ John Walter, Guns of the Third Reich, Greenhill Books, 2004, p. 163
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Sources
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- Axworthy, Mark, Cornel I. Scafeș, and Cristian Crăciunoiu. (1995) Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945. London: Arms and Armour Template:ISBN.
- König, Carol. Căpitanul Marin Orița—Inventator român de prestigiu din al doilea sfert al secolului al XX‑lea. Muzeul Militar Central, Studii și materiale de muzeografie și istorie militară, 10 (1977): 229–33. Template:In lang
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External links
- Orița Model 1941 Technical drawing.
- Orița submachine guns Photograph from the National Military Museum of Romania.
- Romanian Orita Model 1941/48
