Order of the Aztec Eagle
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The Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle (Template:Langx) forms part of the Mexican Honors System and is the highest Mexican order awarded to foreigners.
History
It was created by decree on December 29, 1933, by President Abelardo L. Rodríguez as a reward to the services given to Mexico or humankind by foreigners. It corresponds to similar distinctions given to Mexican citizens such as the Condecoración Miguel Hidalgo or the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor. It is given by the office of the foreign minister on the instructions of a Council established for this purpose headed by the President. Its naming is partially taken from the Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle, which was created by Maximilian I of Mexico on January 1, 1865.
Design
There is some design similarity of the order with the coat of arms of Mexico, particularly the golden eagle holding a rattlesnake, which is associated with the Aztec civilization.
Classes
Since 2011
Since the reform of March 2011,[1] the classes are :
- File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Collar BAR.svg Collar ("Collar"), awarded to heads of state;
- File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Banda Especial BAR.svg Sash of Special Category ("Banda en Categoría Especial"), awarded to prime ministers and heads of government, hereditary princes(ses), consorts of heads of state, or to people whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Banda BAR.svg Sash ("Banda"), awarded to government ministers, secretaries, members of royal families, ambassadors, or individuals whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Placa BAR.svg Plaque ("Placa"), awarded to government undersecretaries, plenipotentiary ministers, consuls general, brigadier generals, rear admirals, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Venera BAR.svg Venera (a type of insignia), awarded to ad hoc business representatives, colonels and lieutenant colonels, captains of a ship, equivalent servants of embassies in Mexico, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Insignia BAR.svg Insignia, awarded to ad interim business representatives and other members of diplomatic missions; captain, navy lieutenant, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous and to those cases the Council considers pertinent.
All grades except the collar may be awarded, at the Council's discretion, to distinguished foreigners.
Before 2011
Prior to the 2011 reform, the classes were, in descending order:
- File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR.png Collar ("Collar"), awarded to heads of state;
- File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR.png Grand Cross ("Cruz"), awarded to prime ministers and heads of government
- File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR.png Sash ("Banda"), awarded to government ministers, secretaries and ambassadors
- File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 2Class BAR.png Medal ("Medalla"), awarded to government undersecretaries, plenipotentiary ministers, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 3Class BAR.png Plaque ("Placa"), awarded to ad hoc business representatives, colonels and lieutenant colonels, captains of a ship, equivalent servants of embassies in Mexico), as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 4Class BAR.png Venera (a type of insignia), awarded to ad interim business representatives and other members of diplomatic missions;
- File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 5Class BAR.png Insignia proper, awarded at the Council's discretion; and
- File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 5Class BAR.png Honorable Mention ("Mención Honorífica").
Notable recipients
Royalty
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Presidents
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- Template:Flagicon Edvard Beneš – Collar (1935)
- Template:Flagicon Dwight David Eisenhower – Collar (1945)
- Template:Flagicon Chiang Kai-shek – Collar (1945)
- Template:Flagicon Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan – Collar (1954)
- Template:Flagicon Fulgencio Batista - Collar
- Template:Flagicon Juscelino Kubitschek – Collar
- Template:Flagicon Rafael Trujillo – Collar
- Template:Flagicon Charles de Gaulle – Collar
- Template:Flagicon Josip Broz Tito – Collar (1963)
- Template:Flagicon Julius Nyerere – Collar (1975)
- Template:Flagicon Todor Zhivkov
- Template:Flagicon Fidel Castro - Collar (1988)
- Template:Flagicon Lennart Meri – Collar (1995)
- Template:Flagicon Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – Collar (2007)
- Template:Flagicon Michelle Bachelet – Collar (2007)
- Template:Flagicon Nelson Mandela – Sash (2010)
- Template:Flagicon Álvaro Colom – Collar (2011)
- Template:Flagicon Juan Manuel Santos – Collar (2011)
- Template:Flagicon José Mujica – Collar (2014)[19]
- Template:Flagicon Dilma Rousseff – Collar (2015)[20]
- Template:Flagicon Otto Pérez Molina – Collar (2015)
- Template:Flagicon Mauricio Macri – Collar (2016)
- Template:Flagicon Sergio Mattarella – Collar (2016)
- Template:Flagicon Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa – Collar (2017)[21]
- Template:Flagicon Pratibha Patil – Sash Special Category (2018)
- Template:Flagicon Manuel Luis Quezon – Collar
- Template:Flagicon Miguel Díaz-Canel - Collar (2023)Template:End div col
Politicians
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- Template:Flagicon Johannes Leimena
- Template:Flagicon Edmond Leburton
- Template:Flagicon Alexandra Kollontai – Sash (1944)
- Template:Flagicon Henry Harley Arnold – Collar (1945)
- Template:Flagicon Dr. Jože Brilej – Sash (1950s)
- Template:Flagicon Takeo Miki – Sash (1967)
- Template:Flagicon Sir Edward Heath (1994)[22]
- Template:Flagicon Bernardo Arévalo (1995)[23]
- Template:Flagicon Yves Ducharme – Venera (2006)[24]
- Template:Flagicon Mark Shurtleff, Utah Attorney General – Plaque (placa) (2006)[25]
- Template:Flagicon Lisa Shoman – Sash (2008)
- Template:Flagicon Ted Kennedy – Sash (2008)
- Template:Flagicon José Manuel García-Margallo (2015)
- Template:Flagicon Benoît Hamon[26]
- Template:Flagicon Eva Perón (1951)
- Template:Flagicon David Dreier (2017)[27]
- Template:Flagicon Jared Kushner – Sash (2018)[28]
Other
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- Template:Flagicon Walt Disney (1943)
- Template:Flagicon Spencer Atkinson (1946)
- Template:Flagicon Norman Borlaug (1970)
- Template:Flagicon Nettie Lee Benson (1979)[29]
- Template:Flagicon Nigel Davies (1980)
- Template:Flagicon Edward Hidalgo (1980)
- Template:Flagicon Diana Kennedy (1981)
- Template:Flagicon Gabriel García Márquez (1982)
- Template:Flagicon Claudio Arrau (1982)
- Template:Flagicon Plácido Domingo – (1985)[30][31]
- Template:Flagicon W. Michael Mathes (1985)[32]
- Template:Flagicon Dr. Donald Winkelmann (1994)
- Template:Flagicon Yuri Knorozov (1995)
- Template:Flagicon Hector P. Garcia (1998)
- Template:Flagicon Satish Gujral – Insignia proper
- Template:Flagicon Charles Butt – (2001)
- Template:Flagicon Melinda Gates – Insignia proper (2007)
- Template:Flagicon Anne d'Harnoncourt – Insignia proper (2007)
- Template:Flagicon Rigoberta Menchú – Insignia proper (2010)
- Template:Flagicon Mario Vargas Llosa (2011)[33]
- Template:Flagicon Amartya Sen (2011)
- Template:Flagicon Bono – Insignia proper (2012)[34]
- Template:Flagicon Takashi Yamanouchi (2013)[35]
- Template:Flagicon Cesar Chavez
- Template:Flagicon Ralph Roeder[36]
- Template:Flagicon Lady Susan Hussey (2015)[37]
- Template:Flagicon Stuart Gulliver (2017)[38]
- Template:Flagicon Roderic Ai Camp (2017)
- Template:Flagicon Rick Bayless (2017)[39]
Gallery
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Grand Cordon (collar) of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
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Insignia of the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle
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Sash and sash badge of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
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Breast Star (placa) of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
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Additional sources
- Mexican Chamber of Deputies[40]
- Olvera Ayes, David A. "La Orden Mexicana del Aguila Azteca - Apuntes para su Historia". Cuadernos del Cronista. México, 2011
References
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- ↑ Obituary: The New York Times, 21 February 1970
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