Opposing force

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File:OPFOR Soldiers.jpg
U.S. OPFOR soldiers playing the role of Iraqi insurgents in Fort Polk, Louisiana.Template:Refn

An opposing force (alternatively enemy force, abbreviated OPFOR or OpFor) is a military unit tasked with representing an enemy, usually for training purposes in war game scenarios. The related concept of aggressor squadron is used by some air forces.

At a basic level, a unit might serve as an opposing force for a single scenario, differing from its 'opponents' only in the objectives it is given. However, major armies commonly maintain specialized groups trained to accurately replicate real-life enemies, to provide a more realistic experience for their training opponents. (To avoid the diplomatic ramifications of naming a real nation as a likely enemy, training scenarios often use fictionalized versions with different names but similar military characteristics to the expected real-world foes.)

Units

Canada

The Canadian Armed Forces has OPFOR units from the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre.[1]

China

Template:See Template:See

France

In the French Army, a FORAD (Script error: No such module "Lang"., enemy force) is used to train the army, in both the Script error: No such module "Lang". (CENTAC, Combat Training Center) of Mailly-le-Camp[2] and in the Script error: No such module "Lang". (CENZUB, Urban Operations Training Centre).[3] Declassed AMX-30 tanks were used to simulate Soviet T-72s,[2] until 2018.[4]

Republic of Korea

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Japan

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United States

File:UH-1H disguised as Mi-24 Fort Irwin 1985.JPEG
A UH-1H replicating a Mi-24 at Fort Irwin in 1985

There are three major training centers that utilize home-based OPFOR units for the US Army:

Various US military installations or major units have their own local versions of opposing force used for training exercises. The joint Australian–US military exercise "Crocodile '03" featured an Australian-led opposing force in which soldiers from a range of Australian units worked together with a US Marine Corps contingent.[8]

Several state defense forces have served as OPFOR units when training with the National Guard. The California State Guard,[9] the Georgia State Defense Force,[10] and the New York Guard[11] have provided OPFOR services to their respective National Guard counterparts. In 2018, the Georgia State Defense Force established the OPFOR Battalion[12] to assist National Guard Soldiers with pre-deployment training.

Ranks

Officer ranks
Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank
Template:Flagicon image Circle Trigonists Army
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Marshal General of army General of corps General of division General of brigade Colonel Commandant Major Captain Lieutenant Sub-lieutenant Warrant officer
Template:Flagicon image Circle Trigonists Army
(1962–1978)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[14] 		File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OF-5 (1962).png File:US-AGRO-Army-OF-4 (1962).png File:US-AGRO-Army-OF-3 (1962).png File:US-AGRO-Army-OF-2 (1962).png File:US-AGRO-Army-OF-1c (1962).png File:US-AGRO-Army-OF-1b (1962).png File:Blank.svg
Marshal General of army General of corps General of division General of brigade Colonel Commandant Major Captain Lieutenant Sub-lieutenant Warrant officer

Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank

Template:Flagicon image Circle Trigonists Air Force
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Air marshal General of air General of air army General of air corps General of air division Colonel Commandant Major Captain Lieutenant Sub-lieutenant Warrant officer
Template:Flagicon image Circle Trigonists Air Force
(1962–1978)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[16] 		File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg
Air marshal General of air General of air army General of air corps General of air division Colonel Commandant Major Captain Lieutenant Sub-lieutenant Warrant officer
Other ranks
Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted
Template:Flagicon image Circle Trigonists Army
(1953–1962)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[17] 		File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-9 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-8 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-7 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-6 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-5 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-4 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-3 (1959).svg No insignia
Sergeant major Staff sergeant Senior sergeant Platoon sergeant Section sergeant Corporal Senior private Private
Template:Flagicon image Circle Trigonists Army
(1962–1978)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[18] 		File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg No insignia
Sergeant major Staff sergeant Senior sergeant Platoon sergeant Section sergeant Corporal Senior private Private
Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted
Template:Flagicon image Circle Trigonists Air Force
(1953–1962)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[19] 		File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-9 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-8 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-7 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-6 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-5 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-4 (1959).svg File:US-AGRO-Army-OR-3 (1959).svg No insignia
Sergeant major Staff sergeant Senior sergeant Platoon sergeant Section sergeant Corporal Senior airman Airman
Template:Flagicon image Circle Trigonists Air Force
(1962–1978)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[18] 		File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg File:Blank.svg No insignia
Sergeant major Staff sergeant Senior sergeant Platoon sergeant Section sergeant Corporal Senior airman Airman

Gallery

Notes

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References

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Further reading

Template:Sister project

Template:Military ranks by country

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  18. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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