Oppligen
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Swiss town
Oppligen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
History
Oppligen is first mentioned in 1234 as Oppelingen.[1]
The oldest trace of a settlement is a Bronze Age earthwork on the Oppligerbergli. In addition, Roman coins and several early medieval graves indicate that the area remained inhabited. By the 13th century, Interlaken Monastery owned the village and its court. In 1336 the residents of Oppligen were listed as citizens of the monastery. In 1528, Bern adopted the Protestant Reformation and secularized the monastery and all its lands. Oppligen became part of the newly created Bernese district of Interlaken.[1]
The chapel at Oppligerbergli was first mentioned in 1250, but was demolished during the secularization of 1528. The village was part of the parish of Oberwichtrach (now Wichtrach municipality).[1]
The village was generally rural until the 1970s when the expanding agglomeration of Bern reached it. As of 2000 about three-quarters of the population commutes to jobs in the Bern region.[1]
Geography
Oppligen has an area of Template:Swiss area.Template:Swiss area data As of 2012, a total of Script error: No such module "convert". or 54.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while Script error: No such module "convert". or 32.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, Script error: No such module "convert". or 12.0% is settled (buildings or roads), Script error: No such module "convert". or 1.2% is either rivers or lakes.[2]
During the same year, housing and buildings made up 5.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.8% of the area Out of the forested land, 29.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 39.0% is used for growing crops and 14.1% is pastures, while 1.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[2]
The municipality is located in the lower Kiesental and Rotachental (Kiesen and Rotachen Valleys) and includes the village of Oppligen and the hamlet of Rotachen.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Konolfingen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland.[3]
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent a Cross Gules couped issuant from the base pattee.[4]
Demographics
Oppligen has a population (since Template:Swiss populations YM[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) of Template:Swiss populations.Template:Swiss populations ref since 2010[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., 5.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 0.5%. Migration accounted for -0.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.2%.[5]
Most of the population (since 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) speaks German (573 or 97.1%) as their first language, French is the second most common (3 or 0.5%) and Portuguese is the third (3 or 0.5%). There is 1 person who speaks Italian.[6]
since 2008[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the population was 49.0% male and 51.0% female. The population was made up of 307 Swiss men (46.2% of the population) and 19 (2.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 324 Swiss women (48.7%) and 15 (2.3%) non-Swiss women.[7] Of the population in the municipality, 182 or about 30.8% were born in Oppligen and lived there in 2000. There were 300 or 50.8% who were born in the same canton, while 57 or 9.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 35 or 5.9% were born outside of Switzerland.[6]
since 2011[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15.9%.[5]
since 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were 259 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 275 married individuals, 29 widows or widowers and 27 individuals who are divorced.[6]
since 2010[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were 70 households that consist of only one person and 26 households with five or more people.[8] In 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., a total of 218 apartments (92.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 15 apartments (6.4%) were seasonally occupied and 3 apartments (1.3%) were empty.[9] since 2010[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the construction rate of new housing units was 4.5 new units per 1000 residents.[5]
The historical population is given in the following chart:[1][10] <timeline> Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45 PlotArea = top:20 left:35 bottom:20 right:35 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:590 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1764 from:start till:219 text:"219" bar:1850 from:start till:504 text:"504" bar:1860 from:start till:421 text:"421" bar:1870 from:start till:406 text:"406" bar:1880 from:start till:414 text:"414" bar:1888 from:start till:438 text:"438" bar:1900 from:start till:433 text:"433" bar:1910 from:start till:408 text:"408" bar:1920 from:start till:420 text:"420" bar:1930 from:start till:399 text:"399" bar:1941 from:start till:433 text:"433" bar:1950 from:start till:453 text:"453" bar:1960 from:start till:429 text:"429" bar:1970 from:start till:424 text:"424" bar:1980 from:start till:479 text:"479" bar:1990 from:start till:548 text:"548" bar:2000 from:start till:590 text:"590"
</timeline>
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 36.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (16.7%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (13.4%) and the Green Party (10.4%). In the federal election, a total of 236 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 49.5%.[11]
Economy
since 2011[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Oppligen had an unemployment rate of 0.98%. since 2008[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were a total of 162 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 58 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 11 businesses involved in this sector. 61 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector. 43 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 14 businesses in this sector.[5] There were 300 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.7% of the workforce.
In 2008[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". there were a total of 118 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 30, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 56 of which 7 or (12.5%) were in manufacturing, 48 or (85.7%) were in mining and 1 was in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 32. In the tertiary sector; 11 or 34.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 8 or 25.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 6.3% were technical professionals or scientists and 5 or 15.6% were in education.[12]
In 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were 69 workers who commuted into the municipality and 228 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.[13] Of the working population, 18.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.3% used a private car.[5]
Religion
From the 2000 census[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., 494 or 83.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 33 or 5.6% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 40 individuals (or about 6.78% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist, 2 individuals who were Hindu and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 27 (or about 4.58% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 9 individuals (or about 1.53% of the population) did not answer the question.[6]
Education
In Oppligen about 249 or (42.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 71 or (12.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 71 who completed tertiary schooling, 74.6% were Swiss men, 19.7% were Swiss women.[6]
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.[14]
During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 60 students attending classes in Oppligen. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 9 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 22.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 22.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 51 students. Of the primary students, 2.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 5.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language.[15]
since 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were 34 students from Oppligen who attended schools outside the municipality.[13]
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ a b c d e Template:HDS
- ↑ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data Template:In lang accessed 25 March 2010
- ↑ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 4 April 2011
- ↑ Flags of the World.com accessed 8 May 2013
- ↑ a b c d e Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 8 May 2013
- ↑ a b c d e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 2 February 2011
- ↑ Statistical office of the Canton of Bern Template:In lang accessed 4 January 2012
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Haushaltsgrösse Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 8 May 2013
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 28 January 2011
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 29 January 2011
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 8 May 2012
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 28 January 2011
- ↑ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 24 June 2010
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf documentTemplate:In lang accessed 4 January 2012
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
Template:Municipalities of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland Template:Authority control