Operation Latchkey
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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox nuclear weapons test Script error: No such module "Side box".
Operation Latchkey[1] was a series of 38 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1966–1967 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the Operation Flintlock series and preceded the Operation Crosstie series.
Nuclear tests
Persimmon
Persimmon included a vertical line-of-sight pipe fitted with a fast-acting closure. At the time of detonation, this vacuum pipe provided a pathway for neutrons from the nuclear device to travel to instruments in a tower located above the shot hole. A few seconds after detonation, these instruments and their samples were dragged out of the tower on a sled, before the subsidence crater formed and destroyed the tower.[2]
List of the nuclear tests
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| Name [note 1] | Date time (UT) | Local time zone[note 2][3] | Location[note 3] | Elevation + height [note 4] | Delivery [note 5] Purpose [note 6] |
Device[note 7] | Yield[note 8] | Fallout[note 9] | References | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SaxonScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:33:30.13 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2cc Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7] | Project Plowshare - excavation device development. | |
| RovenaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:16:00.07 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10s Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][8] | ||
| TangerineScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:36:00.05 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3eb Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| DerringerScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:30:00.54 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U5i Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected off site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][9] | ||
| DaiquiriScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7o Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| NewarkScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:45:30.09 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10u Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][6][7][8][10] | ||
| KhakiScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 19:00:00.05 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3et Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| SimmsScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:45:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10w Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][8] | Plowshare - evaluate clean nuclear explosives for excavation. | |
| AjaxScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 12:00:00.14 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9al Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected on site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][8] | ||
| CeriseScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:02:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3eu Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | I-131 venting detected, 0 | [1][4][6][7][8] | ||
| VigilScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:00.13 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10ad Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected on site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7] | ||
| SterlingScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 12:15:00.05 | CST (–6 hrs) |
Salmon Site, near Lumberton, Mississippi Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, joint verification |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][7] | Project Vela Uniform/Dribble. Exploded inside the cavity created by Whetstone/Salmon in Tatum salt dome. | ||
| SidecarScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:50:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ez Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected on site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][10] | ||
| New PointScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 21:00:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U11c Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected on site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][8] | ||
| GreeleyScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:30:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U20g - Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8] | Test of Spartan warhead (W71).[11] | ||
| Rivet 1Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:55:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10aa Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][6][7][10] | |||
| NashScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:45:00.14 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ce Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected off site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][6][7][8][10] | ||
| BourbonScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:40:04.41 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7n Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8][9] | |||
| Rivet 2Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:30:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10z Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected on site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][10] | ||
| WardScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:15:00.13 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10x Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8][10] | |||
| PersimmonScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:34:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3dn Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8][10] | |||
| AgileScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:50:00.13 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2v Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8][9] | |||
| Rivet 3Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10y Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected | [1][5][6][7][8] | ||
| MushroomScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:19:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ef Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected on site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][10] | ||
| FizzScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3fr Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| OaklandScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:20:00.15 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2bi Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][5][6][7] | ||
| HeilmanScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:00.12 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2cg Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected on site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7] | ||
| FawnScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3eo Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8] | |||
| ChocolateScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:09:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3es Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8][10] | |||
| EffendiScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:45:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ap Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8] | |||
| MickeyScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:40:00.041 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7m Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][8][9] | |||
| CommodoreScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:00.2 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2am Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, less than Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][8] | ||
| ScotchScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U19as Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| AbsintheScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 12:30:00.03 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ep Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| KnickerbockerScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:01.5 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U20d Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7] | ||
| SwitchScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:10:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9bv Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected off site, less than Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7] | Project Plowshare - evaluate clean nuclear explosives for excavation. | |
| Midi MistScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:00:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U12n.02 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | tunnel, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][7][10] | ||
| UmberScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 11:25:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3em Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected off site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][6][7][8][10] |
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- ↑ The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
- ↑ To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. All historical time zone data are derived from here:
- ↑ Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
- ↑ Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
- ↑ Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
- ↑ Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
- ↑ Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
- ↑ Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
- ↑ Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
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References
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- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".