Operation Goldeneye

Operation Goldeneye was an Allied stay-behind plan during the Second World War to monitor Spain after a possible alliance between Francisco Franco and the Axis powers, and to undertake sabotage operations. The plan was formed by Commander Ian Fleming of the Naval Intelligence Division (NID). No German takeover of Spain took place, nor an invasion of Gibraltar, and the plan was shelved in 1943. Fleming later used the name for his Jamaican home where he wrote the James Bond stories.

Background

File:Map of Gibraltar in World War II.jpg

1939 map of the Strait of Gibraltar from The Illustrated London News

The aim of the operation was to ensure that Britain could continue to communicate with Gibraltar if Spain joined, or was invaded by, the Axis powers,Template:Sfn and to carry out limited sabotage.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In August 1940, Lieutenant Commander Ian Fleming of the NID was assigned the responsibility for drawing up the plan.Template:Sfn Of particular concern to Fleming was the possible installation of Axis radar equipment and infrared cameras in the Strait of Gibraltar, which would have been a threat to the Navy's Mediterranean strategyTemplate:Sfn and to Allied shipping interests in the Atlantic Ocean.Template:Sfn

Under cover of a courier's passport, Fleming travelled to Gibraltar on 16 February 1941. On his arrival, he liaised closely with Alan Hillgarth, the British naval attaché in Madrid. Hillgarth provided much of the background to the plan for the guerrilla campaign and sabotage that would follow German presence on the Iberian peninsula.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn Fleming's presence in Gibraltar was primarily to set up a secure cipher link between London and the Goldeneye liaison office, the latter under the control of H. L. Greensleeves, an NID agent.Template:Sfn A Tangier office was also set up by Fleming to assume the activities of the Gibraltar office should the Germans occupy Gibraltar.Template:Sfn During the course of his visit, Fleming also met with William J. Donovan from the American Office of Strategic Services, who was on a fact-finding tour.Template:Sfn Fleming returned to London on 26 February 1941.

A precursor to visiting the United States, Fleming discussed Goldeneye with the various intelligence organisations in Lisbon on 20 May 1941 to ensure their smooth coordinated operations.Template:Sfn He also undertook an assessment of the facilities and equipment for Goldeneye.Template:Sfn He suggested that an Anglo-American Intelligence Committee be set up to coordinate the gathering and evaluating of intelligence from North Africa and the Iberian peninsula.Template:Sfn

In 1942 Goldeneye moved into a state of alert prior to the implementation of Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of North Africa, to monitor and counter the stepped up surveillance and sabotage activities by the Axis powers who suspected that some type of military action would occur in the Mediterranean area. The 10th Light Flotilla, an elite unit of Italian navy frogmen, would use wrecked ships in Gibraltar to launch attacks on Allied shipping.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn

The reduced risk of Nazi occupation of Spain brought about the shutdown of Goldeneye in August 1943, along with the associated plan, Operation Tracer.Template:Sfn

Post-war legacy

File:GoldeneyeEstate.jpg

Fleming's Goldeneye estate, where he wrote all the Bond novels

Fleming later named his Jamaican estate "Goldeneye",Template:Sfn and began writing his series of James Bond novels there.Template:Sfn The name was also used for the title of the seventeenth James Bond film, GoldenEye starring Pierce Brosnan as Bond.Template:Sfn

Notes and references

Notes Template:Notes

References Template:Reflist