Operation Fulcrum
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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox nuclear weapons test Template:Side box
The United States's Fulcrum nuclear test series[1] was a group of 21 nuclear tests conducted in 1976–1977. These tests [note 1] followed the Operation Anvil (nuclear test) series and preceded the Operation Cresset series.
| Name [note 2] | Date time (UT) | Local time zone[note 3][2] | Location[note 4] | Elevation + height [note 5] | Delivery [note 6] Purpose [note 7] |
Device[note 8] | Yield[note 9] | Fallout[note 10] | References | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GoudaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:30:00.164 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ef Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][5] | |||
| SpritScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:58:00.077 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hc Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | |||
| ChevreScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:15:00.163 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10ay Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | |||
| RedmudScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:49:30.083 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7ab Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | |||
| AsiagoScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:09:00.166 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ar Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | |||
| SutterScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:58:00.162 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2bw Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | |||
| RudderScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:00:00.076 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7aj(s) Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5][6][7] | |||
| Cove - 1 (with Oarlock)Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:53:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ki Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Oarlock - 2 (with Cove)Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:53:00.073 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3km Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Dofino - 1Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:24:00.164 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10ba Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][5][8] | Simultaneous, same hole. | |
| Dofino-Lawton - 2Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:24:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10ba Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected | [1][4][5][8] | Simultaneous, same hole. | |
| MarsillyScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:00.167 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ei Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][8][9] | ||
| BulkheadScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:00:00.084 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7am Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5][6] | |||
| CrewlineScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:00:00.076 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7ap Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5][6] | |||
| ForefootScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:15:00.098 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3kf Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | |||
| CarnelianScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:07:00.162 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U4af Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][5][8] | ||
| StrakeScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:40:00.074 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7ae Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5][6] | |||
| Gruyere - 1Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:41:00.165 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9cg Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][5] | Simultaneous, same hole. | ||
| Gruyere-Gradino - 2Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:41:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9cg Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][8] | Simultaneous, same hole. | |
| FlotostScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:49:00.168 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ao Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][5][8] | ||
| ScupperScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:32:00.098 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hj Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][5][6] | |||
| ScantlingScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:55:00.1 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U4h Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5][6][7] | |||
| EbbtideScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:36:30.077 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3kt Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5] | |||
| CoulommiersScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.161 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ei Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][5][6][8][9] |
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- ↑ A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
- ↑ To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.
- ↑ Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
- ↑ Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
- ↑ Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
- ↑ Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
- ↑ Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
- ↑ Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
- ↑ Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
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References
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- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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