Oophaga
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Oophaga is a genus of poison-dart frogs containing twelve species, many of which were formerly placed in the genus Dendrobates.[1] The frogs are distributed in Central and South America, from Nicaragua south through the El Chocó to northern Ecuador (at elevations below Script error: No such module "convert".).[1][2] Their habitats vary with some species being arboreal while other being terrestrial,[3] but the common feature is that their tadpoles are obligate egg feeders.[3][1][4][5] Most species in this genus are seriously threatened and O. speciosa is already extinct.[6]
Etymology
Oophaga, Greek for "egg eater" (oon, Script error: No such module "Lang".),[7][8] is descriptive of the tadpoles' diet.[9][10]
Reproduction
While presumably all dendrobatids show parental care, this is unusually advanced in Oophaga: the tadpoles feed exclusively on trophic (unfertilized) eggs supplied as food by the mother; the father is not involved.[1][4] Through the eggs, the mother also passes defensive toxins to the tadpoles: Oophaga pumilio tadpoles experimentally fed with eggs from alkaloid-free frogs did not contain alkaloids.[11]
Species
There are twelve species in this genus:[2]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Oophaga histrionica.jpg | Oophaga anchicayensis (Posso-Terranova and Andrés, 2018) | Chocó region of northwestern Colombia | |
| Oophaga andresi (Posso-Terranova and Andrés, 2018) | Cocorro | Columbia | |
| Oophaga arborea (Myers, Daly, and Martínez, 1984) | Polkadot poison frog | Panama | |
| File:Korreldragende-gifkikker-3.jpg | Oophaga granulifera (Taylor, 1958) | Granular poison frog | Costa Rica and Panama |
| File:Oophaga histrionica 118831313.jpg | Oophaga histrionica (Berthold, 1845) | Harlequin poison frog | El Chocó region of western Colombia |
| File:Oophaga lehmanni 27154022 (cropped).jpg | Oophaga lehmanni (Myers and Daly, 1976) | Lehmann's poison frog | western Colombia |
| Oophaga occultator (Myers and Daly, 1976) | La Brea poison frog | Cordillera Occidental in the Cauca Department of Colombia | |
| File:Strawberry dart frog.jpg | Oophaga pumilio (Schmidt, 1857) | Strawberry poison-dart frog | eastern central Nicaragua through Costa Rica and northwestern Panama |
| File:Oophaga solanensis 126735190.jpg | Oophaga solanensis (Posso-Terranova and Andrés, 2018) | Koe-koe | Northwestern region of Colombia, on the western banks of the Atrato and san Juan rivers |
| File:Oophaga speciosa.jpg | Oophaga speciosa (Schmidt, 1857) | Splendid poison frog | Cordillera de Talamanca, western Panama (extinct) |
| File:Dendrobates sylvaticus PLoS.jpg | Oophaga sylvatica (Funkhouser, 1956) | Diablito poison frog | southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. |
| File:Oophaga vicentei (16985201179).jpg | Oophaga vicentei (Jungfer, Weygoldt, and Juraske, 1996) | Vicente's poison frog | Veraguas, Bocas del Toro, Colón and Coclé Provinces of central Panama |
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Captivity
Oophaga may be kept as pets by experienced amphibian keepers, but they are challenging to breed in captivity as only parents can feed and care for tadpoles.[3]
References
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- ↑ Heselhaus, R. 1992. Poison-arrow frogs: their natural history and care in captivity. Blandford, London.
- ↑ Zimmermann, E. and Zimmermann, H. 1994. Reproductive strategies, breeding, and conservation of tropical frogs: dart-poison frogs and Malagasy poison frogs. In: J.B. Murphy, K. Adler and J.T. Collins (eds), Captive management and conservation of amphibians and reptiles, pp. 255-266. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca (New York). Contributions to Herpetology, Volume 11.
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