Omurano language
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Omurano is a language isolate from Peru.[2] It is also known as Humurana, Roamaina, Numurana, Umurano, and Mayna. The language was presumed to have become extinct by 1958,[3] but in 2011 a rememberer was found who knew some 20 words in Omurano; he claimed that there were still people who could speak it.[1] The community has otherwise switched to Urarina, another language isolate.
It was spoken near the Urituyacu River (a tributary of the Marañón River),[4] or on the Nucuray River according to Loukotka (1968).[5]
Classification
Tovar (1961) linked Omurano to Taushiro (and later Taushiro with Kandoshi); Kaufman (1994) finds the links reasonable, and in 2007 he classified Omurano and Taushiro (but not Kandoshi) as Saparo–Yawan languages.
Maynas, once mistaken for a synonym, is a separate language.
Despite there being previous proposals linking Omurano with Zaparoan, de Carvalho (2013) finds no evidence for this.[4]
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Urarina, Arawak, Zaparo, and Leko language families due to contact.[6]
Phonology
Consonants
Omurano has 10 consonants. No fricative or velar consonants have been attested.[2]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Template:Not a typo | Palatal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| voiceless | voiced | voiceless | voiced | |||
| Stop | p | b | t | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||
| Affricate | ʧ | |||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Glide | j | |||||
Template:IPAslink becomes Template:IPAblink before Template:IPAslink.
Vowels
Omurano has 5 vowel qualities. Nasal vowel counterparts are only present for Template:IPAblink. Length is not phonemic.[2]
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | nasal | |||
| High | i | ĩ | u | |
| Mid | e | o | ||
| Low | a | |||
Tone
Omurano has two surface-level tones, high and low.[2]
Vocabulary
A word list by Tessmann (1930) is the primary source for Omurano lexical data.[7]
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[5]
gloss Omurana one nadzóra two dzoʔóra head na-neyalok eye an-atn woman mparáwan fire íno sun héna star dzuñ maize aíchia house ána white chalama
See also
- Maina Indians
- Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin
- Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas
Further reading
- O'Hagan, Zachary J. (2011). Omurano field notes. (Manuscript).
References
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- ↑ Tessmann, Günter. 1930. Die Indianer Nordost-Perus: grundlegende Forschungen für eine systematische Kulturkunde. Hamburg: Friederichsen, de Gruyter.
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