Olivia Chow

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Olivia ChowTemplate:Efn (born March 24, 1957) is a Canadian politician who has been the 66th and current mayor of Toronto since July 12, 2023. Previously, Chow served as the New Democratic Party (NDP) member of Parliament (MP) for Trinity—Spadina from 2006 to 2014, and was a councillor on the Metro Toronto Council from 1992 to the 1998 amalgamation followed by Toronto City Council until 2005.

Born in British Hong Kong, Chow was first elected in 1985 as a Toronto school board trustee. She ran in the 1991 Toronto election, where she was elected to Metropolitan Toronto Council and remained active in local Toronto politics until her election to the House of Commons in the 2006 federal election. Her husband, Jack Layton, was also an MP, serving as leader of the Official Opposition in 2011 and leader of the NDP from 2003 until his death in 2011. Chow resigned her seat in Parliament in 2014 to run for mayor in the 2014 election, placing third to John Tory and Doug Ford. Following her 2014 campaign, she joined Ryerson University as a distinguished visiting professor. In the 2015 federal election, she unsuccessfully ran in Spadina—Fort York.

Chow was elected mayor in 2023 following Tory's resignation, defeating former deputy mayor Ana Bailão and former police chief Mark Saunders. Chow is the first woman to serve as mayor of Toronto since its amalgamation.[1][2]

Early life and career

Chow was born in British Hong Kong, to Ho Sze, a schoolteacher, and Wilson Wai Sun Chow, a school superintendent.[3] She was raised in a middle-class family in Happy Valley, a residential area in Hong Kong.[4] She immigrated to Canada with her family in 1970 at the age of 13, settling in Toronto, where they first lived on the third floor of a rooming house in the Annex, before moving to a high-rise unit in St. James Town.[5][6] Her father worked odd jobs, such as delivering Chinese food and driving taxis to support the family. Her mother became a seamstress and a maid, and worked in a hotel laundry.[7] Her father suffered from mental illness and was physically abusive towards her half-brother, Andre, and her mother, but "nurturing and loving" towards Olivia.[8][5]

Chow was raised in a Chinese Baptist household.[9] As a young girl she was a slow learner and had to repeat grade 3. However, she soon started to excel academically and she later skipped grade 8.[10] She attended Jarvis Collegiate Institute and studied fine arts at the Ontario College of Art, and philosophy and religion at the University of Toronto. In 1979, she graduated with an Honours Bachelor of Arts in fine art from the University of Guelph.[8]

After graduation, she worked as an artist. She owned a sculpture studio and created art pieces for clients. She still paints occasionally.[10][11] She later taught at George Brown College's Assaulted Women and Children Counselling and Advocacy Program for five years.

Early political career

School board

Chow first became active in politics working in the riding office of local NDP MP Dan Heap in the early 1980s.[12]

With Heap's support, Chow ran for school board trustee, and won in November 1985.[13][14] Beginning in 1986, Chow sought for programming to protect students on the basis of sexuality, spurred by incidents of harassment she was shown, and by the murder of Kenneth Zeller, a school librarian. This led to the introduction of what was believed to be Ontario's first sexuality school program, approved in May 1988 with support of director of education Ned McKeown.[15][16][17][18] She served as head of the school board's race relations committee.[19][20]

Municipal politics

Popular on the school board, she was handily elected to Metropolitan Toronto Council in the 1991 election for the Metro Toronto ward of Downtown (this ward was abolished in the 1997 amalgamation).[21] The area had long been home to a diverse group of communities in the core of Canada's largest urban centre. Chow was re-elected several times to city council by wide margins. As councillor, Chow was an advocate for the homeless, public transit, and many other urban issues that promote sustainable development. She was also a vociferous opponent of the proposed Toronto Island Airport expansion, a controversial plan by the Toronto Port Authority.

File:Inaugural Mary Ellen Glover Award presentation at City Hall (S2311 fl1603 it0005).jpg
Chow speaks at an awards event in 2003.

Following the amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto, she and her husband Jack Layton were prominent members of the city council. While sometimes critical of pro-development Mayor Mel Lastman and other suburban councillors, they worked with councillors across political lines to achieve practical progressive measures. Layton left his seat on council to become federal leader of the NDP. Both were supporters of David Miller's successful 2003 campaign to become mayor of Toronto.

Chow was forced to resign her position on the Toronto Police Services Board because, at a riot in front of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, she informally attempted to persuade police to change their tactics. Some argued, however, that she was ousted for her outspoken attitude towards alleged police misconduct.

Chow, a cycling advocate, was renowned for her trademark bicycle, decorated with flowers and bright colours, which she rode every day to Toronto City Hall.[22]

Federal politics

In 1997, Chow ran as an NDP candidate for the House of Commons in Trinity—Spadina. Liberal incumbent Tony Ianno won by 1,802 votes, receiving 45% of the total votes.

In 2004, Chow again received the Trinity—Spadina NDP nomination for the summer federal election. With support from Jack Layton, a new urban focus of the NDP, and higher party popularity nationwide, she was widely expected to win despite some criticism from voters who elected her to a municipal seat just six months prior. She managed another strong second-place showing, but failed to unseat Ianno by only 805 votes, 1.5% of the total.

Tactical voting was blamed partially for Chow's defeat, as Liberal attack ads on Conservative Party leader Stephen Harper attempted to make the election a choice between the Liberals and Conservatives, with the effect of attracting NDP-leaning voters to support the Liberals and stave off a potential Harper government. Chow also did not resign her council seat to run federally, with some suggesting that her constituents felt comfortable voting Liberal while still having Chow around to represent them at a different level of government.[23][24]

When the Liberal federal government was defeated on a motion of non-confidence, Chow resigned her city council seat of fourteen years on November 28, 2005, to make a third run at seat in the House of Commons. She was succeeded on city council on an interim basis by Martin Silva. As Silva was not allowed to run for re-election, Chow's constituency assistant Helen Kennedy ran but lost to Adam Vaughan.

On January 23, 2006, she won the Trinity—Spadina seat for the NDP in the federal election. She defeated Ianno by 3,667 votes, almost 6%. Along with Jack Layton she was part of only the second husband-and-wife team in Canadian parliamentary history to serve jointly. (Gurmant Grewal and Nina Grewal were the first, winning their seats in the 2004 Canadian federal election.)

In 2007, Chow sponsored a motion calling for Japan to apologize for forcing some 200,000 women to serve as wartime sex slaves. The motion was passed unanimously by Canada's parliament in November 2007. Chow said, "For me, this isn't crimes against 200,000 women. It's crimes against humanity and all of the world's citizens have a responsibility to speak out against it."[25]

On June 3, 2008, Chow, "who [originally] brought in the motion",Script error: No such module "Unsubst". voted to implement a program which would "allow conscientious objectorsTemplate:&nbsp... to a war not sanctioned by the United NationsTemplate:&nbsp... toTemplate:&nbsp... remain in Canada". The motion gained international attention from The New York Times,[26] the BBC[27] and the New Zealand press.[28] The Toronto Star reported: "[It] passed 137 to 110 ... But the motion is non-binding and the victory was bittersweet as the government (Conservative Party of Canada) is likely to ignore it."[29][30][31] After Prime Minister Stephen Harper sought and received permission to seek a new mandate in 2008, Chow would reintroduce the same motion in the 40th Canadian Parliament. The House passed it on March 30, 2009, with a vote of 129–125.[32][33] Chow was instrumental in debates and actions surrounding Canada and Iraq War resisters. In 2009, Chow introduced a private member's bill, the "Early Learning and Child Care Act" (Bill C-373), which aimed to establish a universal non-profit national childcare program.[34][35]

File:Layton and Chow on their way to vote.jpg
Chow walks to her polling station with her husband Jack Layton, May 2, 2011.

In the 2011 Canadian federal election, which saw the NDP's historic rise to Official Opposition, Chow was re-elected handily in Trinity—Spadina with a margin of more than 20,000 votes over her nearest rival. She was named critic for transport, infrastructure and communities in the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet. She also became the first spouse of a leader of the Opposition to be an MP as well.

However, her time in Stornoway was to be short, as Jack Layton died of cancer just three months after assuming office. Chow was in the spotlight as Layton's widow during the mourning period and state funeral, winning respect for her care for her husband in his last days and for her dignity and poise in grief,[36] and her personal and political partnerships with Layton were eulogized.[37] She ruled out a bid for the leadership of the NDP[38] and pledged to remain neutral in the leadership race.[39]

On March 12, 2014, Chow resigned her seat and registered to run in the 2014 mayoral race in Toronto.[6][40]

2015 attempted return

Chow announced on July 28, 2015, that she was seeking the federal NDP nomination in Spadina—Fort York for the 2015 federal election. The new riding comprises much of the former Trinity—Spadina riding. She faced Liberal MP Adam Vaughan, who was elected MP for Trinity—Spadina in 2014 in a by-election that was held following Chow's resignation to run for mayor.[41][42] Chow lost to Vaughan by a wide margin amid a Liberal sweep of Toronto ridings.[43]

Mayoral campaigns

2014 mayoral election

File:Olivia Chow mayor campaign.png
Chow speaks at a campaign event.

Chow entered the 2014 Toronto mayoral campaign in an attempt to unseat incumbent Rob Ford after most polls taken over the previous year suggested she was best placed to win either a head-to-head vote against Ford or a multi-candidate contest. Ford's mayoralty had been at the centre of several controversies during his tenure, most significantly over accusations and ultimately Ford's own admission that he had used crack cocaine as well as allegations that he has associated with criminals. Chow was the only prominent centre-left candidate running against Ford. Her other major rivals in the election, former provincial Opposition leader John Tory, councillor Karen Stintz and former budget chief David Soknacki as well as Ford himself, were all centre-right candidates.[40]

Chow's campaign manager was John Laschinger, who previously managed David Miller's mayoral campaigns as well as federal and provincial Conservative campaigns. Former federal and provincial Liberal strategist Warren Kinsella also worked on her campaign. Other senior staff included former MuchMusic VJ Jennifer Hollett,[44] former NDP national director Nathan Rotman,[45] and Brian Topp,[46] a former NDP leadership candidate. Supporters included former Ontario Liberal cabinet minister George Smitherman (who was the runner-up to Ford in the 2010 mayoral election) and filmmaker Deepa Mehta.[40]

Chow's three priority areas were transit, children and jobs.[47] She came out against subway expansion in favour of more buses, and building LRTs lines on Toronto's roads.[48] She also released policies about expanding after-school recreation programs for children aged 6–11,[49] as well as creating 5,000 jobs and training opportunities for young people through community benefits agreements.[50]

Over the course of the election, Chow went from the polling favourite at the beginning of the campaign to eventually placing third in the election. Polls suggested she failed to capitalize on her early popularity and fell victim to strategic voting.[51]

2023 mayoral by-election

File:Olivia Chow 2023 portrait.jpg
Olivia Chow at the Bastille Day 2023 celebration in Toronto.

On April 17, 2023, Chow announced her campaign for mayor of Toronto in the 2023 by-election.[52]

The provincial government's controversial plan to redevelop Ontario Place into a spa and waterpark, as well as to move the Ontario Science Centre from its original site was criticized by Chow, who proposed stalling the province's plans by withholding a portion of city-owned land on the site.[53]

Chow's housing policies include building 25,000 rent-controlled homes on city-owned land, with the city acting as a developer. She proposed increasing the vacant property tax to 3 per cent, directing funds to support affordable housing initiatives such as rent supplements, as well as increasing the land transfer tax on luxury homes, using funds to support people who are homeless. Chow also committed to opening 24/7 respite spaces and creating 1000 rent supplements. Her housing platform also includes policies aimed at supporting tenants, including combatting renovictions, doubling Toronto's rent bank, establishing a $100 million fund to purchase rental properties from private landlords and transferring them to not-for-profits, and expanding RentSafeTO, the city's building standards enforcement program.[54][55][56]

File:Toronto mayoral election, 2023 results by ward.svg
2023 by-election results by ward

On transit, Chow proposed converting the Line 3 Scarborough corridor into a busway, once it has been decommissioned, estimated to cost $60 million with funding coming from savings realized by cancelling the Gardiner Expressway rebuild east of Cherry Street. She would reverse cuts made to the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) in the 2023 budget and expand cell phone service on the subway system to all networks.[56][55]

Chow promised to create a team to reduce 9-1-1 wait times and expand the Toronto Community Crisis Service city-wide.[57] She supports the plan endorsed by Toronto Public Health, CAMH and Toronto police chief Myron Demkiw to request a personal drug possession exemption from the federal government.[58]

On June 26, 2023, Chow was elected as mayor of Toronto.[59][60] In an election with 102 candidates, Chow won with 37.2% of the vote defeating Ana Bailão who placed second with 32.5%.[61]

Mayor of Toronto

File:Olivia Chow on swearing in day (53546397547).jpg
Chow arriving at City Hall for Swearing-in ceremony
File:Pride Toronto 2024 (53829680826).jpg
Chow at the 2024 Toronto Pride parade

Following a transition period of two weeks, Chow was sworn in as the 66th mayor of Toronto on July 12, 2023.[62]

Appointments

As mayor, Chow can appoint or dismiss the deputy mayor, city department heads, the chairs and vice-chairs of council committees, as well as form the striking committee, which determines the composition of other council committees.[63]

Just over a month into her term on August 10, 2023, Chow made a number of changes to key mayoral appointments. Ausma Malik was named the new deputy mayor of Toronto, taking over from Jennifer McKelvie, who would continue to hold the title in an honorary capacity along with Mike Colle and Amber Morley. Chow also appointed Shelly Carroll to chair the budget committee, Gord Perks as chair of planning and housing, Jaamal Myers as chair of the TTC, and Alejandra Bravo as chair of the economic and community development committee.[64] The Local notes that the councillors in lead roles come from progressive backgrounds, and the many progressives and centrist councillors appointed to committees have resulted in a wider political range than under the previous administration. Overall, the committee structure experienced a "leftward" shift.[65] On December 16, 2024, she dismissed Brad Bradford from his role as vice-chair of the City’s Planning and Housing Committee and replaced him with Frances Nunziata.[66] Paul Ainslie was appointed deputy mayor for Scarborough following McKelvie's resignation from council in May 2025.

On June 5, 2025, Chow announced that former Metropolitan Transportation Authority executive Mandeep Lali was appointed as CEO of the TTC, succeeding Rick Leary, who resigned in August 2024.[67]

City finances

"New Deal" for Toronto

During the 2023 by-election, the city's budget shortfall was a major topic of discussion as Toronto's 2023 operating budget faced a shortfall of $1.5 billion.[68] Absent financial assistance from other levels of government, the city would be forced use its reserve fund in order to avoid running a deficit.[69] Due to a decline in revenues during the COVID-19 pandemic, the City of Toronto relied on transfer payments from other levels of government to sustain its operating budget.[70] In her first speech as mayor, Chow called on the provincial and federal governments to commit to a "new deal" for funding the city, criticizing them for withholding a bailout as the city continued to struggle from the financial impact of COVID-19.[71]

Following her first official meeting with Premier Doug Ford on September 18, 2023, Chow and Ford announced that the city and province would form a working group of senior officials to discuss long-term sustainability and stability in Toronto's finances.[72][73] Chow noted that the city was carrying $1.1 billion in services on behalf of the provincial and federal governments, while Ford committed to avoiding new taxes.[74] On October 30, ahead of their second meeting, Chow and Ford wrote a joint letter to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau calling on the federal government to join the working group.[75] The following day, Chow confirmed that the federal government would participate in the working group.[76]

On November 27, 2023, Chow and Ford held a joint press conference where they announced that the city and province had come to an agreement regarding a "new deal". In the deal, the province would take over responsibility for the Gardiner Expressway and Don Valley Parkway, as well as a $300 million transfer for transit operations and safety. Contingent on federal funding, Ford also committed $758 million to procure new subway trains for Line 2 Bloor–Danforth and $600 million across three years to address homelessness. The province would also provide up $342 million over 2024, 2025 and 2026, conditional on Toronto exceeding its annual housing targets by 125 per cent each year.[77][78] In total, the deal includes $1.2 billion over three years in operating funding and $7.6 billion in capital relief.[79] As part of the agreement, the City of Toronto also conceded that it does not have the ability to stop the province's controversial plans to redevelop Ontario Place into a private spa and water park, undoing a promise Chow made during her campaign.[80][81]

2024 budget

File:REUNIÓN CON LA ALCALDESA DE TORONTO, OLIVIA CHOW, 04 DE MARZO DE 2024-3.jpg
Chow (right) with the President of Ecuador Daniel Noboa (left), March 2024

On January 10, 2024, following a series of pre-budget consultations, city staff presented the Budget Committee with their proposed budget. The initial staff budget proposed a 10.5 per cent property tax increase, contingent on the federal government providing $250 million to house refugee claimants. Without federal funding, the increase could rise to 16.5 per cent.[82] The city later decreased the proposed property tax increase to 9.5 per cent.[83] Either tax increase would be the largest since the 1998 amalgamation of Toronto.[84] Chow's campaign promise of converting the decommissioned Line 3 Scarborough corridor into a busway was passed by council in February, with construction completion set for 2025.[85] In October, she announced that all 100 Toronto Public Library branches will open seven days a week by July 2026, with expanded programming and operating hours.[86][87]

2025 budget

The 2025 budget features a proposed 6.9 per cent tax hike for homeowners to help fund $18.8 billion in operating expenses she says are aimed at improving key city services such as funding to feed 8,000 more students through school food programs. It also includes a 5.4 per cent property tax increase and the annual 1.5 per cent "city building fund" levy. In January 2025, she announced that TTC fares would be frozen for the second straight year, with Chow introducing a 5.8 per cent increase in service hours that addresses challenges such as traffic congestion.[88] Defending the tax increases, Chow said that "this proposed budget will mean change in Torontonians' lives today".[89] In preparation for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, Chow announced that the federal government would give BMO Field $146 million to upgrade its facilities in order to host multiple matches. The city will spend $178 million hosting the event, with the provincial government contributing $97 million. Chow has stated that the city is anticipating a budget shortfall of $40 million.[90][91] In response to the second Trump tariffs, Chow announced that the city would removing Tesla from its electric vehicle incentive program, push a "buy local" initiative, remove U.S. flags from city buildings, and bar American companies from some city contracts.[92][93][94][95] In May, Chow supported the passing of a "bubble zone" bylaw aimed at restricting protests around places of worship, daycares and schools, particularly in response to the international Gaza war protests.[96]

Housing

In January 2025, Chow announced that the federal, provincial, and municipal governments would provide $975 million to build 14,000 new homes near the Toronto waterfront. Previously, she announced that the city would build 7000 new rental homes and build Toronto’s first affordable housing project delivered through the Public Developer Delivery model.[97][98][99][100] In March 2025, the federal government announced that Toronto would receive $2.25 billion in low-cost loans to help build 4,831 rental homes, with more than 1,000 affordable units. It comes after Toronto city council passed a package of financial incentives for rental builders that includes relief from development charges and a reduction in property taxes, so long as 20 per cent of new units are rented at discounted prices.[101]

Renaming civic assets

Dundas Street and Square

Following her 2023 election, Chow indicated her support for the city's plan to rename Dundas Street and related civic assets.[102] In 2020, a petition which received over 14,000 signatures calling for the renaming of the street and related civic assets prompted then-Mayor John Tory to direct city staff to begin a review of the renaming, which was subsequently adopted by city council in 2021 at a cost of $6 million.[103] By 2023, the projected cost had risen to $13 million.[104] Henry Dundas was a Scottish politician who is controversially known for his role in delaying the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.[105] In December 2023, Chow supported a motion introduced by Councillor Chris Moise, which would adopt the recommendation of an advisory committee to rename Yonge–Dundas Square to Sankofa Square, a Ghanan word describing the concept of reflecting on teachings from the past.[104] Council also voted to rename Dundas Station after the Toronto Metropolitan University (TMU), Dundas West Station and the Jane/Dundas Library.[104][106] The plan would see the cost of renaming the square funded by developers through community benefit charges and the cost of renaming Dundas Station funded by TMU. The renaming of the street was deferred indefinitely due to budget pressures.[104][106]

The name "Sankofa Square" was met unfavourably by the majority of Torontonians; a poll conducted in January 2024 found that 71 percent of respondents disapproved of the new name.[107] Right-leaning Toronto Sun commentator Brian Lilley praised the cost savings of Chow's decision to cancel the renaming of the street, describing it as a "compromising between what she wanted and what was possible".[108]

Centennial Park Stadium

Chow supported a motion introduced by Councillor Paul Ainslie in December 2023 to rename Centennial Park Stadium in Etobicoke after former mayor Rob Ford, who died in 2016.[109] The motion faced opposition owing from Ford's controversial tenure as mayor, however, Chow defended her support, stating that she understood "the pain of losing a loved one" and "what that meant for the Ford family".[110] The stadium was officially renamed Rob Ford Stadium on May 28, 2024. Chow attended the renaming ceremony along with former mayor Ford's family including his brother, Premier Doug Ford.[111]

Approval rating

Weeks after taking office, Chow had an approval rating of 73% according to Liaison Strategies.[112] Following the release of the 2024 budget, her approval rating decreased to 55%, which was attributed to a property tax hike within the budget.[113] In a poll taken a year after she took office, Chow had a similar approval rating of 59% among Torontonians.[114] A Léger research poll conducted in May 2025 showed Chow with a 48% approval rating among Torontonians, with 42% disapproving of her first two years as mayor.[115]

Outside politics

Following her loss in the 2014 municipal election, Chow was appointed to a three-year term, beginning March 1, 2015,[116] as distinguished visiting professor in the Faculty of Arts in Ryerson University (now known as Toronto Metropolitan University), with a focus on community engagement and democratic participation.[41][117] On July 28, 2015, Ryerson released a statement that it had agreed to grant Chow's request for a leave of absence from the university so that she could run for MP.[118]

Chow's personal memoir, titled My Journey, was published January 21, 2014.[119]

In 2016, Chow founded the Institute for Change Leaders, an organization affiliated with Toronto Metropolitan University which teaches political campaign and organizing skills.[120]

Personal life

Chow was married to Jack Layton from 1988 until his death in August 2011. On August 20, 2012, she unveiled a statue dedicated to Layton; tributes to him were written in English, Chinese and French. The statue is located in Harbour Square Park at the Jack Layton Ferry Terminal.

Chow is stepmother to Layton's two children from his previous marriage to Sally Halford, one of whom, Mike Layton, was a Toronto city councillor from 2010 to 2022. Chow's half-brother, Andre, lives in Seattle and is an American citizen.[121]

In 2005, she revealed that she had undergone surgery for thyroid cancer in 2004. She decided to speak out to raise awareness of the disease.[122] In 2013, she was diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II.[123]

Chow speaks Cantonese, Mandarin and English.[124]

She was portrayed by Sook-Yin Lee in the 2013 CBC Television film Jack. Lee won a Canadian Screen Award for her performance.[125]

Chow is a Star Trek fan, as was her husband.[126][127][128]

Awards and honours

In May 2012, Chow was named one of the top 25 Canadian immigrants in Canada by the Canadian Immigrant magazine.[129]

Chow was voted "Best City Councillor" on numerous occasions by Toronto's alternative weeklies Now Magazine[130][131] and Eye Weekly.

The Ontario Federation of Labour named an award after her, the "Olivia Chow Childcare Champion Award".[132]

Electoral record

Municipal

2023 Toronto mayoral by-election
Candidate Votes %
Olivia Chow 268,676 37.17
Ana Bailão 234,647 32.46
Mark Saunders 62,017 8.58
Anthony Furey 35,839 4.96
Josh Matlow 35,516 4.91
Mitzie Hunter 21,170 2.93
Chloe Brown 18,763 2.60
95 other candidates 46,249 6.39
Total 722,877 100.00
Source: City of Toronto[133]
2014 Toronto mayoral election
Candidate Votes %
John Tory 394,775 40.28
Doug Ford 330,610 33.73
Olivia Chow 226,879 23.15
64 other candidates 7,913 2.84
Total 980,177 100.00
Source: City of Toronto[134]
2000 Toronto municipal election: Ward 20 – Trinity—Spadina
Candidate Votes
Olivia Chow 9,477
Rosie Schwartz 1,140
Roberto Verdecchia 1,126
1997 Toronto municipal election: Ward 24 – Downtown
Candidate Votes
Olivia Chow 20,453
Kyle Rae 16,149
Al Carbone 5,186
Paul Hogan 2,319
Rosie Schwartz 2,001
Doug Lowry 1,615
Charlene Cottle 864
Roberto Verdecchia 787
Carmin Priolo 398
1994 Toronto municipal election: Metro Toronto Ward 24 – Downtown
Candidate Votes
Olivia Chow 13,327
Jeffrey Valentine 5,940
1991 Toronto municipal election: Metro Toronto Ward 24 – Downtown
Candidate Votes
Olivia Chow 10,024
Storm MacGregor 4,913
Michael Lockey 2,805
Larry Lee 1,836
Zoltan Fekete 1,327

Federal

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See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  36. ↑ Diebel, Linda. "Olivia Chow: An oil painting in stoic grief". The Toronto Star, August 27, 2011. Accessed September 5, 2011.
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  47. ↑ oliviachow.ca
  48. ↑ Olivia Chow wants to boost TTC bus service by 10% CBC.ca March 20, 2014
  49. ↑ Olivia Chow promises greater access to after-school programs for kids Toronto Star. April 6, 2014
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  56. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ https://www.ttc.ca/about-the-ttc/projects-and-plans/Future-of-Line-3-Scarborough
  86. ↑ https://themedium.ca/mayor-chow-announces-plans-to-open-toronto-libraries-7-days-a-week/
  87. ↑ https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/olivia-chow-announces-plan-to-open-all-torontos-libraries-seven-days-a-week-by-july/article_fcff7efa-9481-11ef-8639-d734cb2a0e68.html#:~:text=Olivia%20Chow%20announces%20plan%20to,and%20programs%20across%20the%20city.
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-budget-2025-olivia-chow-property-tax-1.7429514#:~:text=WATCH%20%7C%20Chow%20proposes%20a%206.9%25%20tax%20increase%20for%20Toronto%3A&text=Toronto%20Mayor%20Olivia%20Chow%20has,Toronto%20residents%20need%20to%20know.
  90. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/fifa-toronto-ontario-costs-city-council-1.7539782
  91. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/bmo-field-upgrades-announced-2026-world-cup-1.7473236
  92. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-us-tariff-action-plan-1.7485648
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-bubble-zone-protest-bylaw-1.7540321
  97. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/city-affordable-housing-project-parkdale-toronto-1.7412111
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/waterfront-development-funding-1.7443449
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/rental-homes-toronto-loans-federal-government-1.7487409
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ https://nationalpost.com/news/toronto/less-than-half-of-toronto-residents-approve-of-mayor-olivia-chows-performance-poll
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ https://youtube.com/ImTQPSwFTU0?si=XSTZcrIkQDQU9VtV
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ http://files.harpercollins.com/Mktg/HarperCanada/PDF/OliviaChow_PressRelease.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Side box".

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Toronto City Councillors Template:Mayors in Ontario Template:Leaders of the largest cities in the world by GDP Script error: No such module "Authority control".

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