Ocimum

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Ocimum Template:IPAc-en is a genus of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of all 6 inhabited continents, with the greatest number of species in Africa.[1] Its best known species are the cooking herb basil, O. basilicum, and the medicinal herb tulsi (holy basil), O. tenuiflorum.

Ecology

Ocimum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Taxonomy

The genus was first published by Carl Linnaeus in his book Species Plantarum on page 597 in 1753.[2]

The genus name of Ocimum is derived from the Ancient Greek word for basil, Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang".).[3]

Species

Accepted Ocimum species by Plants of the World Online,[2] and World Flora Online;[4]

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Hybrids

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Cultivation and uses

Most culinary and ornamental basils are cultivars of Ocimum basilicum and there are many hybrids between species. Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora) is a common ingredient in Thai cuisine, with a strong flavour similar to aniseed, used to flavour Thai curries and stir-fries.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Lemon basil (Ocimum × citriodorum) is a hybrid between O. americanum and O. basilicum. It is noted for its lemon flavour and used in cooking.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Holy basil or tulsi (O. tenuiflorum) is a sacred herb revered as dear to Vishnu in some sects of Vaishnavism.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Tulsi is used in teas, healing remedies, and cosmetics in India, and it is also used in Thai cooking.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Amazonian basil (O. campechianum) is a South American species often utilized in ayahuasca rituals for its smell which is said to help avoid bad visions.[5] O. centraliafricanum is valued as an indicator species for the presence of copper deposits.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

See also

References

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  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected PlantFamilies
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