Nyêmo County

Nyêmo is a county in the Lhasa west of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet. It lies on the north bank of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, the northern part of the Brahmaputra. The county has an area of , and as of 2011 had a population of 30,844 people, mostly engaged in agriculture or herding.

Location

"Nyemo" is the Tibetan word for "wheat". It is located in the middle section of the Brahmaputra, from Lhasa. It is mainly agricultural and pastoral, with an area of and an average elevation of . The county seat is above sea level.Template:Sfn The Nimu Maqu River flows through the county from north to south. The Yarlung Tsangpo River forms its southern boundary. The highest point is a peak at above sea level, and the lowest point is where the Maqu River empties into the Brahmaputra at an elevation of .Template:Sfn

The county has a temperate semi-arid plateau monsoon climate, with about 100 frost-free days. Annual rainfall is . Nyêmo County mineral resources are copper, molybdenum and peat. Wildlife includes leopards, bears, lynx, river deer, black-necked cranes, and pheasant. Wild plants include Fritillaria, Cordyceps, berberine and lotus.Template:Sfn

History

Nyêmo was the birthplace of the great translator Vairocana, and the place where the teacher Padmasambhava subjugated local spirits during his journey from Nepal to Lhasa. Old pre-Buddhist cults have survived into the modern era along with monasteries of the different Buddhist traditions.Template:Sfn The ala priestly tradition is a local hybrid of traditional religions and Buddhism that is distinctive of Nyemo.Template:Sfn Female mediums, possessed by spirits, performed healing ceremonies until the time of the Cultural Revolution.Template:Sfn

In late 1968 a revolt in the rural areas of Tibet began in Nyêmo, caused by shortages of food and the chaos of the Cultural Revolution. The revolt later spread to twenty more counties in the Tibet Autonomous Region.Template:Sfn In the 1969 "Nyemo incident" the followers of Nyêmo nun Trinley Chödrön combined with the forces of the Maoist Gyenlo party organization. Their “Army of the Gods” attacked government and army compounds and rival cadres throughout the region over the course of several weeks in June 1969.Template:Sfn Tinley Chodron, who was said to be an emanation of the holy bird Labja Gongmo from the Epic of King Gesar, was executed in Lhasa later that year.Template:Sfn

Administrative divisions

File:Nyêmo County sketch map png.png

Rivers of the county

Nyêmo County includes 2 towns and 6 townships:Template:Sfn

Name	Tibetan	Tibetan Pinyin	Chinese	Pinyin
Towns
Tarchong Town	Template:Bo-textonly	Tarchong Chongdai
Toinba Town	Template:Bo-textonly	Toinba Chongdai
Townships
Margyang Township	Template:Bo-textonly	Margyang Xang
Pusum Township	Template:Bo-textonly	Pusum Xang
Karru Township	Template:Bo-textonly	Karru Xang
Nyêmo Township	Template:Bo-textonly	Nyêmo Xang
Xumai Township	Template:Bo-textonly	Xumai Xang
Paggor Township	Template:Bo-textonly	Chagkor Xang

Economy

As of 2011 the total population was 30,844 people, of whom 28,474 were engaged in agriculture or herding. In 2010 the per-capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 4,854 yuan, while the disposable income of urban residents reached 14,381 yuan.Template:Sfn Total livestock was 167,800 excluding horses.Template:Sfn By 2012 the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen had reached 6,881 yuan.Template:Sfn In 2000, the county had 189 businesses with 3,319 production employees. Copper is mined in the county.

In the 7th century Nyêmo was producing printing materials, clay-based incense and wooden-sole shoes.Template:Sfn Nyêmo's long tradition of making paper and printing texts using woodblocks dates back to this period. Nyêmo County has China's first museum of Tibetan text.Template:Sfn Traditional paper continues to be manufactured in a village in Nyemo Town. Other artisan products include incense and wood engraving for printing on paper and on prayer flags.Template:Sfn The processes of making Tibetan paper, incense and wood carvings are known as the "three unique skills of Nyemo."Template:Sfn

Infrastructure

File:Nyemo Yarlung Tsangpo 2018.jpg

Yarlung Tsangpo River in Nyêmo.

The county has 24 primary and secondary schools, including one junior high school, with a total staff of 260 people. There is a county hospital with 42 medical staff, eight rural health centers and 26 village clinics with 71 medical personnel. There is a county television station.Template:Sfn A small hydropower power plant with a capacity of 250 kilowatts produces 257,000 kilowatt hours annually. The Friendship Highway (part of China National Highway 318) passes through Nyêmo County on the section between Lhasa and Shigatse.

There are 22 temples, of which fourteen are male monasteries and eight are nunneries. As of 2011 there were 118 monks and 99 nuns.Template:Sfn The Nyêmo Chekar monastery is known for its 16th century murals depicting reincarnations of the Samding Dorje Phagmo.Template:Sfn At Jieji Monastery the lamas make elaborate mandalas using pieces of woodcarving and hand-made embroidery. The art form was brought from India to Tibet in the 11th century.Template:Sfn