Nuciferine
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| Template:Longitem | C19H21NO2 |
| Molar mass | 295.376 g/mol |
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Nuciferine is an alkaloid found within the plants Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera.[1][2]
Preliminary psychopharmacological research in 1978 was unable to conclusively determine the compound's classification regarding dopamine-receptor activity.[3] On one hand, investigative studies found evidence of behavior traditionally associated with dopamine-receptor stimulation: stereotypy, increase in spontaneous motor activity, inhibition of conditioned avoidance response, and an increase in pain sensitivity resulting in an inhibition of morphine analgesia.[3] On the other hand, these early investigative studies also found evidence of behavior traditionally associated with dopamine-receptor blockade: decrease of spontaneous motor activity, chills, catalepsy, trance-like states of consciousness.[3]
Nuciferine exhibits a receptor profile similar to atypical antipsychotics, demonstrating antipsychotic-like effects in rodent models without inducing catalepsy.[4]
Pharmacology
Nuciferine has been reported to have various anti-inflammatory effects, possibly mediated via PPAR delta activation.[5]
According to a newer study from 2016, Nuciferine acts as an antagonist at 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT2B receptors, an inverse agonist at the 5-HT7 receptor, a partial agonist at D2, D5, and 5-HT6 receptors, and an agonist at 5-HT1A and D4 receptors. Additionally, it inhibits the dopamine transporter (DAT).[4]
In rodent models relating to antipsychotic drug effects, Nuciferine has shown various actions such as blocking head-twitch responses and discriminative stimulus effects of a 5-HT2A agonist, enhancing amphetamine-induced locomotor activity, inhibiting phencyclidine (PCP)-induced locomotor activity, and restoring PCP-induced disruption of pre-pulse inhibition without inducing catalepsy.[4]
Nuciferine may also potentiate morphine analgesia. The median lethal dose in mice is 289 mg/kg. It is structurally related to apomorphine and other aporphine derivatives.[6][7]
See also
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References
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- ↑ Spess, David L. Errors in Alkaloids of Nelumbo and Nymphaea species, 2011, academia.edu
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