Norwegian Red
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The Norwegian Red or Script error: No such module "Lang".[1]Template:R/superscript is a Norwegian breed of dairy cattle. It was formed in 1961 through successive mergers of various traditional and regional breeds. In 2016 it accounted for approximately 85% of the cattle in the country, and about 99% of the national dairy herd.[2]Template:R/superscript
The cattle may be either horned or naturally polled; despite the breed name, the coat may be either red-and-white or black-and-white.[3]Template:R/superscript
History
The Norwegian Red is a modern composite breed. It was formed in 1961 by merging two existing Norwegian breeds, the Red Polled Eastland or Script error: No such module "Lang". and the Norwegian Red-and-White or Script error: No such module "Lang".. Each of these two was already a composite breed: the Red Polled Eastland was recorded from 1892 and later underwent cross-breeding with Swedish Red-and-White and Ayrshire, with some influence from the Dutch Black Pied;[4]Template:R/superscript the Norwegian Red-and-White, established in 1939, also derived from cross-breeding of Swedish Red-and-White and Ayrshire, but had absorbed the Hedmark and Red Troender.[4]Template:R/superscript The Red Troender, in turn, derived from cross-breeding in the nineteenth century of local Troender and Røros cattle with Ayrshire stock; it had later absorbed the Målselv (Script error: No such module "Lang".) breed of Tromsø and northern Norway.[4]Template:R/superscript The Dølafe, originating from local cattle of south-east Norway, Telemark (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Ayrshire, was merged into the Norwegian Red in 1963.[4]Template:R/superscript It was followed in 1968 by the South and West Norwegian or Script error: No such module "Lang"., which had been created in 1947 by fusion of the Vestland Fjord (Script error: No such module "Lang".), the Vestland Red Polled (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and the Lyngdal (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[4]Template:R/superscript
The cattle have been exported to many countries, among them Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, the United States and Madagascar, where exports began in the 1960s, and where by 2003 there were over Script error: No such module "val". head.[2]Template:R/superscript
Characteristics
The cattle may be either horned or naturally polled; despite the breed name, the coat may be either red-and-white or black-and-white.[3]Template:R/superscript Average height at the withers is about Script error: No such module "val". for cows and about Script error: No such module "val". for bulls; average bodyweights are Script error: No such module "val". and Script error: No such module "val". respectively.[2]Template:R/superscript
Use
The cattle are reared principally for milk. The average annual yield is Script error: No such module "val". per cow, with an average fat content of Script error: No such module "val"..[2]Template:R/superscript
The Norwegian Red has been used to improve some characteristics of other dairy breeds such as the Friesian.[5]Template:R/superscript[6]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript
References
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- ↑ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Template:Isbn. Archived 10 January 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ a b Breed data sheet: Norsk roedt fe / Norway (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed April 2024.
- ↑ a b c d e Valerie Porter, Ian Lauder Mason (2002). Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types, and Varieties (fifth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ B.J. Heins, L.B. Hansen (2012). Short communication: Fertility, somatic cell score, and production of Normande × Holstein, Montbéliarde × Holstein, and Scandinavian Red × Holstein crossbreds versus pure Holsteins during their first 5 lactations. Journal of Dairy Science. 95 (2): 918–924. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers"..
- ↑ N. Begley, F. Buckley, K.M. Pierce, A.G. Fahey, B.A. Mallard (2009). Differences in udder health and immune response traits of Holstein-Friesians, Norwegian Reds, and their crosses in second lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 92 (2): 749–757. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers"..
- ↑ C.P. Ferris, D.C. Patterson, F.J. Gordon, S. Watson, D.J. Kilpatrick (2014). Calving traits, milk production, body condition, fertility, and survival of Holstein-Friesian and Norwegian Red dairy cattle on commercial dairy farms over 5 lactations. Journal of Dairy Science. 97 (8): 5206–5218. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers"..
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