Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
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A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a type of drug that inhibits the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and thereby increases extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters and noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.[1] They work by competitively and/or noncompetitively inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT).[1]
NDRIs are used clinically in the treatment of conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and depression. Examples of well-known NDRIs include methylphenidate and bupropion.
A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA).
List of NDRIs
Many NDRIs exist, including the following:
Some NDRIs, such as methylphenidate, may not act as simple NDRIs but rather as DAT "inverse agonists" (and possibly also analogously at the NET as well).[2] If this theory is correct, then methylphenidate and other agents like cocaine may not be acting primarily as monoamine reuptake inhibitors but instead as robust monoamine releasing agent-esque drugs, albeit via a different mechanism of action that conventional substrate-type monoamine releasing agents.[2]
Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs) like amphetamine and methamphetamine not only induce monoamine release but also act as monoamine reuptake inhibitors to a lesser extent and hence are additionally NDRIs.[3][4]
See also
- Monoamine reuptake inhibitor
- Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
- Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
- Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
References
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