19th United States Congress
Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority. Template:TOClimit
Major events
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- March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States
- October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York, to Buffalo and Lake Erie.
- July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence
Major legislation
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Treaties signed
- November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas
- January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
Template:US Congress party summary
House of Representatives
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Leadership
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Senate
- President: John C. Calhoun (J)
- President pro tempore: John Gaillard (J), until December 4, 1825
- Nathaniel Macon (J), from May 20, 1826
House of Representatives
- Speaker: John W. Taylor (A)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.
(J) following a name means the member was of the Jackson faction. (A) that the person was a member of the Adams (anti-Jackson) faction.
Senate
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.
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House of Representatives
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Changes in membership
This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Replacements: 7
- Anti-Jacksonian (A): 3-seat net gain
- Jacksonian (J): no net change
- Deaths: 4
- Resignations: 6
- Interim appointments: 4
- Total seats with changes: 13
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|-
| New Hampshire
(3)
| Vacant
| Seat remained vacant
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Levi Woodbury (J)
| Installed March 16, 1825
|-
| Connecticut
(3)
| Vacant
| Seat remained vacant
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Calvin Willey (A)
| Installed May 4, 1825
|-
| New York
(3)
| Vacant
| Seat remained vacant
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Nathan Sanford (A)
| Installed January 14, 1826, after resigning as Chancellor of New York
|-
| Virginia
(1)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James Barbour (J)
| Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of War
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John Randolph (J)
| Appointed December 26, 1825
|-
| Mississippi
(1)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | David Holmes (J)
| Resigned September 25, 1825, after being elected Governor of Mississippi
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Powhatan Ellis (J)
| Appointed September 28, 1825
|-
| Tennessee
(2)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Andrew Jackson (J)
| Resigned October 14, 1825
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Hugh Lawson White (J)
| Installed October 28, 1825
|-
| Rhode Island
(1)
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | James De Wolf (A)
| Resigned October 31, 1825
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Asher Robbins (A)
| Appointed October 31, 1825
|-
| Maryland
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Edward Lloyd (J)
| Resigned January 14, 1826, after being elected to the Maryland State Senate
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Ezekiel F. Chambers (A)
| Elected January 24, 1826
|-
| Alabama
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Henry H. Chambers (J)
| Died January 24, 1826
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Israel Pickens (J)
| Appointed February 17, 1826
|-
| Mississippi
(1)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Powhatan Ellis (J)
| Successor elected January 28, 1826
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Thomas B. Reed (J)
| Installed January 28, 1826
|-
| South Carolina
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John Gaillard (J)
| Died February 26, 1826
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | William Harper (J)
| Appointed March 8, 1826
|-
| Delaware
(2)
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Nicholas Van Dyke (A)
| Died May 21, 1826
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Daniel Rodney (A)
| Appointed November 8, 1826
|-
| Massachusetts
(2)
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | James Lloyd (A)
| Resigned May 23, 1826
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Nathaniel Silsbee (A)
| Installed May 31, 1826
|-
| New Jersey
(1)
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Joseph McIlvaine (A)
| Died August 19, 1826
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Ephraim Bateman(A)
| Installed November 10, 1826
|-
| Alabama
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Israel Pickens (J)
| Successor elected November 27, 1826
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John McKinley (J)
| Installed November 27, 1826
|-
| South Carolina
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | William Harper (J)
| Successor elected November 29, 1826
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | William Smith (J)
| Installed November 29, 1826
|-
| Delaware
(2)
| style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Daniel Rodney (A)
| Resigned January 12, 1827, after successor was elected
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Henry M. Ridgely (J)
| Installed January 23, 1827
|}
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 11
- Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
- Jackson: 1 seat net loss
- Deaths: 5
- Resignations: 10
- Contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 16
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|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Henry Clay (A) | Resigned March 6, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of State | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | James Clark (A) | Seated August 1, 1825
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Joel R. Poinsett (J) | Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed Minister to Mexico | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | William Drayton (J) | Seated May 17, 1825
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James Allison Jr. (J) | Resigned August 26, 1825 before the assembling of Congress | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Robert Orr Jr. (J) | Seated October 11, 1825
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Egbert Ten Eyck (J) | Lost contested election December 15, 1825 | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Daniel Hugunin Jr. (A) | Seated December 15, 1825
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John Randolph (J) | Resigned December 26, 1825, after being appointed to the US Senate | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | George W. Crump (J) | Seated January 21, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Joseph Kent (A) | Resigned January 6, 1826, after being elected Governor of Maryland | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | John C. Weems (J) | Seated February 1, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Patrick Farrelly (J) | Died January 12, 1826 | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Thomas H. Sill (A) | Seated March 14, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Christopher Rankin (J) | Died March 14, 1826 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | William Haile (J) | Seated July 10, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Willie P. Mangum (J) | Resigned March 18, 1826 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Daniel L. Barringer (J) | Seated December 4, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Alexander Thomson (J) | Resigned May 1, 1826 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Chauncey Forward (J) | Seated December 4, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | David Jennings (A) | Resigned May 25, 1826 | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Thomas Shannon (A) | Seated December 4, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James Johnson (J) | Died August 13, 1826 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Robert L. McHatton (J) | Seated December 7, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Henry Wilson (J) | Died August 14, 1826 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Jacob Krebs (J) | Seated December 4, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Robert P. Henry (J) | Died August 25, 1826 | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | John F. Henry (A) | Seated December 11, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Enoch Lincoln (A) | Resigned before September 11, 1826 | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | James W. Ripley (J) | Seated September 11, 1826
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Joseph Hemphill (J) | Resigned before October 10, 1826 | style="background-color:#FFE6B0" | Thomas Kittera (A) | Seated October 10, 1826
|}
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Agriculture (Chairman: William Findlay then Calvin Willey)
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Horatio Seymour then Elias Kane)
- Bankruptcy (Select)
- Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles)
- Commerce (Chairman: James Lloyd then Josiah S. Johnston)
- Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Edward Lloyd then Ezekiel F. Chambers)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William Marks)
- Finance (Chairman: Samuel Smith)
- Foreign Relations (Chairman: Nathaniel Macon then Littleton Tazewell)
- French Spoilations (Select)
- Georgia and the Creek Indians (Select)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Hart Benton)
- Judiciary (Chairman: Martin Van Buren)
- Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: William Henry Harrison)
- Militia (Chairman: John Chandler)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Robert Y. Hayne)
- Pensions (Chairman: James Noble)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: William South)
- Public Lands (Chairman: David Barton)
- Roads and Canals (Select) (Chairman: William Hendricks)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Samuel C. Allen)
- Agriculture (Chairman: Stephen Van Rensselaer)
- American Colonization Society (Select)
- Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
- Bills of Exchange (Select)
- Claims (Chairman: Lewis Williams)
- Commerce (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr. then Gideon Tomlinson)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Mark Alexander)
- Elections (Chairman: John Sloane)
- Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Jeremiah O'Brien)
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William Wilson)
- Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: John Bailey)
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: William Burleigh)
- Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: John Mattocks)
- Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Joseph Johnson)
- Foreign Affairs (Chairman: John Forsyth)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: John Cocke)
- Judiciary (Chairman: Daniel Webster)
- Manufactures (Chairman: Rollin C. Mallary)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: James Hamilton Jr.)
- Military Pensions (Chairman: Tristram Burges)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Henry R. Storrs)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Samuel D. Ingham)
- Public Expenditures (Chairman: Weldon N. Edwards)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Christopher Rankin then John Scott)
- Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Thomas P. Moore)
- Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Robert Allen)
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories (Chairman: James Strong)
- Ways and Means (Chairman: Louis McLane)
- Whole
Joint committees
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
- Chaplain: Charles P. McIlvaine (Episcopal), until December 12, 1825
- William Staughton (Baptist), elected December 12, 1825
- William Ryland (Methodist), elected December 8, 1826
- Secretary: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825
- Walter Lowrie, elected December 12, 1825
- Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian)
- Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
- Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
- Reading Clerks: Template:Dm
- Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn
See also
- 1824 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1826 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
References
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