National anthem of Mongolia
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The national anthem of Mongolia,Template:Efn known before 1991 as the State Anthem of the Mongolian People's Republic,Template:Efn was originally created in 1950 during the communist regime to replace the "Mongol Internationale". The music was composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Lubhsanjambiin Mördorj, and the lyrics were written by Tsendiin Damdinsüren.[1][2]
History
Prior to 1950, Mongolia did not have an official national anthem. However, there were certain songs that had been considered patriotic anthems of the Mongol nation—most notably the song "Ertnii saikhan" (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Lit), which was popular among the Mongols as a patriotic anthem, but eventually fell out of fame by the 1930s. It was included in a collection of songs by the singer Magsarjav Dugarjav in 1935, and its lyrics were preserved. In the 1970s, the lyrics of "Ertnii saikhan" were changed to suit the ideological situation of the time. When the British army invaded Tibet, the 13th Dalai Lama invaded Mongolia in 1904 and settled there until 1906, parts of the lyrics were modified. After the accession of Bogd Khan to the throne in 1911, parts of the lyrics were once again modified.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
After the establishment of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia in 1911, Bogd Khan chose the song "Zuun Langiin Joroo Luus" as the national anthem in 1915. Following the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, the song was relinquished, and in 1924, it was replaced by the "Mongol Internationale".[3][4] Although the "Mongol Internationale" was never officially designated as the national anthem of Mongolia, the words and melody of the song, which are different than those of the original left-wing anthem "The Internationale", were sung with respect by a generation of Mongolians as an unofficial national anthem at the time.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
According to historical records, the work of composing and selecting poems for the new national anthem began in 1945. The former Arts Department issued the “Rules for the Closed Competition for Composing the Words of the New Mongolian Anthem” and gave special provisions and guidelines for the content and form of the poems. Although the deadline for the poetry competition was set on 31 December 1945, the works continued to be submitted until April 1946. Writers and poets including Tsendiin Damdinsuren et al. participated in this poetry competition. Several compositions of the melody were completed by early 1949. Marshal Khorloogiin Choibalsan personally participated in this selection of the new anthem and listened to many versions of the melody and song. The combined melodies composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj were ultimately chosen.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Since the early 20th century, Mongolia has had two national anthems: the first, used between 1924 and 1950, was called the "Mongol Internationale", with lyrics by Sonombaljiriin Buyannemekh and music by Magsarjaviin Dugarjav.[5] It is often incorrectly listed as the Mongolian-language version of "The Internationale", despite the two songs having almost nothing in common aside from similar titles.[6]Template:Better source needed "The Internationale" does have a Mongolian version, however, which should not be confused with the "Mongol Internationale".[7]
The second anthem, by Damdinsüren and Mördorj, replaced the "Mongol Internationale" and has been in use since 1950. In accordance with the 1960 constitution, the words of the anthem were changed in 1961 by Tsevegmidin Gaitav and Choijilin Chimed. The lyrics were changed slightly in 1961 to include references to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and remove references to various Soviet and Mongolian leaders; however, the original lyrics were restored in early 1991, a year prior to the end of the communist regime.[1] Since 1991, most of the lyrics from 1950 have been in use again, but the second verse (praising Lenin, Stalin, Sükhbaatar and Choibalsan) has been removed. On 6 July 2006, the lyrics were revised by the Mongolian Parliament to commemorate Genghis Khan.[2]
In 2006, in anticipation of the 800th anniversary of the Mongol Empire, six writers were mobilized to partially change the text. The text was revised to reflect the new state that had escaped foreign oppression, rather than the country's rich heritage and history.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The current Constitution of Mongolia mandates that the national anthem be broadcast daily on media channels prior to the end of transmissions.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Lyrics
Current official version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Our sacred independent country |
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1991–2006 version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Our sacred revolutionary country |
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1961–1991 version
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| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The struggle and oppression of the past is gone, |
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Original version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Our sacred revolutionary country |
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See also
- Coat of arms of Mongolia
- Flag of Mongolia
- Mongol Internationale
- State Anthem of the Republic of Buryatia
- State Anthem of the Republic of Kalmykia
Notes
References
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External links
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- Audio
- Audio of the national anthem of Mongolia
- Audio of the national anthem of Mongolia, with information and lyrics (archive link)
- Instrumental version in RealAudio
- Video
- Template:Trim Template:Replace on YouTubeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – a TV station video of the anthem sung by four Mongolian celebrities
- Template:Trim Template:Replace on YouTubeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – the video is redone with the new lyrics.
- Template:Trim Template:Replace on YouTubeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – audio version of the 1950 anthem, with original lyrics praising Lenin, Stalin, Sukhbaatar and Choibalsan
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